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revised the liturgy used by the congregation, consisting of the Book of Common Prayer, with the passages relating to the Trinity and other articles of the faith of its authors, and the founders of King's Chapel, excised therefrom. In 1830, he also prepared a collection of hymns, which is in extensive use in the congregations of his denomination, and bears honorable testimony to the taste of its compiler. In 1838, Mr. Greenwood published a small volume of a popular character, The Lives of the Apostles; in 1833 a series of discourses on the History of King's Chapel, and about the same time a series of sermons delivered to the children of his congregation. During the years 1837 and 1838, he was an associate editor of the Christian Examiner, a journal to which he was throughout his life a frequent contributor of articles on literary topics, and on the tenets of the denomination of which he was a zealous advocate. In 1842 he published his Sermons of Consolation, a work of great beauty of thought and expression. Soon after this the author's health, which had never been completely restored, failed to such a degree, that he was unable to execute his purpose of preparing one or more additional series of his sermons for publication. He gradually sank under disease until his death, on the second of August, 1843.

A collection of Miscellaneous Writings, edited by his son appeared in 1846. The volume contains his Journal kept in England in 1820-21, and a number of essays of a descriptive and reflective character, exhibiting the powers of the writer to the best advantage. We cite a passage

from one of these on the

OPPORTUNITIES OF WINTER FOR INSTRUCTION.

In the warm portion of our year, when the sun reigns, and the fields are carpeted with herbs and flowers, and the forests are loaded with riches and magnificence, nature seems to insist on instructing us herself, and in her own easy, insensible way. In the mild and whispering air there is an invitation to go abroad which few can resist; and when abroad we are in a school where all may learn, without trouble or tasking, and where we may be sure to learn if we will simply open our hearts. But stern winter comes, and drives us back into our towns and houses, and there we must sit down, and learn and teach with serious application of the mind, and by the prompting of duty. As we are bidden to this exertion, so are we better able to make it than in the preceding season. The body, which was before unnerved, is now braced up to the extent of its capacity; and the mind which was before dissipated by the fair variety of external attractions, collects and concentrates its powers, as those attractions fade and disappear. The natural limits of day and night, also, conspire to the same end, and are in unison with the other intimations of the season. In summer, the days, glad to linger on the beautiful earth, almost exclude the quiet and contemplative nights, which are only long enough for sleep. But in the winter the latter gain the ascendency. Slowly and royally they sweep back with their broad shadows, and hushing the earth with the double spell of darkness and coldness, issue their silent mandates, and-while the still snow falls, and the waters are congealed-call to reflection, to study, to mental labor and acquisition.

The long winter nights! Dark, cold, and stern as

they seem, they are the friends of wisdom, the patrons of literature, the nurses of vigorous, patient, inquisitive, and untiring intellect. To some, indeed, they come particularly associated, when not with gloom, with various gay scenes of amusement, with lighted halls, lively music, and a few (hundred) friends. To others, the dearest scene which they present is the cheerful fireside, instructive books, studious and industrious children, and those friends, whether many or few, whom the heart and experience acknowledge to be such. Society has claims; social intercourse is profitable as well as pleasant; amusements are naturally sought for by the young, and such as are innocent they may well partake of; but it may be asked, whether, when amusements run into excess, they do not leave their innocence behind them in the career; whether light social intercourse, when it takes up a great deal of time, has anything valuable to pay in return for that time; and whether the claims of society can in any way be better satisfied than by the intelligence, the sobriety, and the peaceableness of its members? Such qualities and habits must be acquired at home; and not by idleness even there, but by study. The winter evenings seem to be given to us, not exclusively, but chiefly, for instruction. They invite us to instruct ourselves, to instruct others, and to do our part in furnishing all proper means of instruction.

We must instruct ourselves. Whatever our age, condition, or occupation may be, this is a duty which we cannot safely neglect, and for the performance of which the season affords abundant opportunity. To know what other minds have done, is not the work of a moment; and it is only to be known from the records which they have left of themselves, or from what has been recorded of them. To instruct ourselves is necessarily our own work; but we cannot well instruct ourselves without learning from others. The stores of our own minds it is for ourselves to use for the best effects and to the greatest advantage; but if we do not acquire with diligence, from external sources, there would be very few of us who would have any stores to use. Let no one undervalue intellectual means, who wishes to effect intellectual ends. The best workman will generally want the best tools, and the best assortment of them.

We must instruct others. This duty belongs most especially to parents. All who have children, have pupils. The winter evening is the chosen time to instruct them, when they have past the tenderest years of their childhood. Those who have schooltasks to learn, should not be left to toil in solitude; but should be encouraged by the presence, and aided by the superior knowledge, of their parents, whose pleasure as well as duty it should be to lend them a helping hand along the road, not always easy, of learning. While the child is leaning over his book, the father and the mother should be nigh, that when he looks up in weariness or perplexity, he may find, at least, the assistance of sympathy. They need not be absolutely tied to the study-table, but they should not often hesitate between the calls of amusement abroad, and the demands for parental example, guidance, and companionship at home. They will lose no happiness by denying themselves many pleasures, and will find that the most brilliant of lustres are their own domestic lamp, and the cheerful and intelligent eyes of their children.

But all have not children; and the children of some are too young to be permitted to remain with their parents beyond the earliest hours of evening; and the children of others are old enough to accompany their parents abroad. For all those who

think they could pleasantly and profitably receive instruction of a public nature, and for this purpose spend an hour or two away from their homes, there is, happily, a plenty of instruction provided. Winter is the very season for public instruction, and it must be said to their honor, that our citizens have excellently improved it as such, Opportunities for gaining useful knowledge have been provided, and they have not been neglected by those for whom the provision has been made. The fountains of waters have been opened, and the thirsty have been refreshed. Though home instruction is to be placed at the head of all instruction, yet there are numbers who have not instruction at home, and numbers who have none at home to whom they may communicate instruction; and there are numbers who find it convenient and useful to mingle public and domestic instruction together, or alternate the one with the other. And when it is considered that the public lectures referred to are charged with little expense to the hearers; that they are delivered by the best and ablest men among us; that hundreds of youth resort to them, many of whom are in all probability saved from idleness, and some from vice and crime; and that to all who may attend them they afford a rational employment of time, we may look to the continuance of such means of knowledge and virtue as one of the most inestimable of benefits.

RUFUS CHOATE,

THE rapid and impetuous orator of New Eng land, whose eloquence descends like the flood of a mountain river bearing along grand and minute objects in its course, was born at Ipswich, Essex County Massachusets, October 1, 1799. He was educated at Dartmouth, at the law school at Cambridge, and in the offices of Judge Cummings at Salem, and Attorney-General Wirt at Washington. He began the practice of the law at Danvers in 1824; passed some time at Salem, and removed to Boston in 1834, having previously occupied a seat in the state senate and in the house of representatives as a member of Congress. In 1842 he succeeded Daniel Webster in the United States Senate, resigning in 1845, and with these exceptions he has been exclusively engaged in his profession of the law.

His claims to literary notice rest upon his speeches in Congress and several addresses on public occasions. Of his speeches the most noted are those on the tariff, the Oregon question, and the annexation of Texas. Mr. Whipple, who has written an admirable analysis of their style,* in both its strength and weakness, celebrates their analogical power both of understanding and fancy, by which the most relevant and incongruous matters are alike made subservient to his argument; and gives some happy examples of the shrewd sense and humor which sometimes relieve his overburdened paragraphs. In one of these, in his speech on the Oregon question, he disposes of the old grudge against England :

No, sir, we are above all this. Let the Highland clansman, half-naked, half-civilized, half-blinded by the peat-smoke of his cavern, have his hereditary enemy and his hereditary enmity, and keep the keen, deep, and precious hatred, set on fire of hell, alive if he can; let the North American Indian have his, and hand it down from father to son, by Heaven knows what symbols of alligators, and rattlesnakes,

Article Hon. Rufus Choate. Whig Rev., Jan., 1847.

and war-clubs smeared with vermilion and entwined with scarlet; let such a country as Poland, eloven to the earth, the armed heel on the radiant forehead, her body dead, her soul incapable to die-let her remember the wrongs of days long past; let the lost and wandering tribes of Israel remember theirs-the manliness and the sympathy of the world may allow or pardon this to them: but shall America, young, free, and prosperous, just setting out on the highway of Heaven, "decorating and cheering the elevated sphere she just begins to move in, glittering like the morning star, full of life and joy"-shall she be supposed to be polluting and corroding her noble and happy heart, by moping over old stories of stamp-act, and the tax, and the firing of the Leopard on the Chesapeake in time of peace? No, sir; no, sir; a thousand times, No! We are born to happier feelings. We look on England as we look on France. We look on them from our new world, not unrenowned, yet a new world still; and the blood mounts to our cheeks, our eyes swim, our voices are stifled with the consciousness of so much glory; their trophies will not let us sleep, but there is no hatred at all-no hatred; all for honor, nothing for hate. We have, we can have, no barbarian memory of wrongs, for which brave men have made the last expiation to the brave.

Another passage, illustrating his humorous turn, may be placed alongside of this-his famous description of the New England climate, introduced as an illustration in a speech on the tariff:

Take the New England climate in summer, you would think the world was coming to an end. Certain recent heresies on that subject may have had a natural origin there. Cold to-day; hot to-morrow; mercury at 80° in the morning, with wind at southwest; and in three hours more a sea turn, wind at east, a thick fog from the very bottom of the ocean, and a fall of forty degrees of Fahrenheit; now so dry as to kill all the beans in New Hampshire; then floods carrying off the bridges of the Penobscot and Connecticut; snow in Portsmouth in July; and the next day a man and a yoke of oxen killed by lightning in Rhode Island. You would think the world was twenty times coming to an end. But I do not know how it is: we go along; the early and the latter rain falls, each in its season; and seedtime and harvest do not fail; the sixty days of hot corn weather are pretty sure to be measured out to us. The Indian summer, with its bland south-west and mitigated sunshine, brings all up; and on the twentyfifth of November, or thereabouts, being Thursday, three millions of grateful people, in meeting-houses, or around the family board, give thanks for a year of health, plenty, and happiness.

Жорисков

Of his mots, which pass current, one is this sentiment:- "What! banish the Bible from schools!

:

Never, while there is a piece of Plymouth Rock left large enough to make a gun-flint of."*

The autograph of Mr. Choate is a celebrity. "It resem bles," says Mr. Loring in his Boston Orators, "somewhat the map of Ohio, and looks like a piece of crayon sketching done in the dark with a three-pronged fork. His handwriting cannot be deciphered without the aid of a pair of compasses and a quadrant."

RUFUS CHOATE.

Ile possesses thought and feeling in the midst of his boldest extravagance. Mr. Loring relates an anecdote of his calm sensibility of the impression made upon him by a great idea in simple language, which is very impressive :

We will relate an instance of the excitable pow ers of our orator. In an argument on a case of mpeachment, before a legislative committee, Mr. Choate remarked that he never read, without a thrill of sublimity, the concluding article in the Bill of Rights, the language of which is borrowed directly from Harrington, who says he owes it to Livy,-that in the government of this commonwealth, the legis lative department shall never exercise the executive and judicial powers, or either of them; the executive shall never exercise the legislative and judicial powers, or either of them; the judicial shall never exercise the legislative and executive powers, or either of them;-to the end that it may be a government of laws, and not of men;" thus providing that the three great departments shall be entirely independ ent of each other, and he remembered a story of a person who said that he could read Paradise Lost without affecting him at all, but that there was a passage at the end of Newton's Optics which made his flesh creep and his hair stand on end. I confess, said Mr. Choate, that I never read that article of the constitution without feeling the same,-" to the end that it may be a government of laws, and not of men."

April 21, 1841, Mr. Choate delivered a Eulogy in Boston on President Harrison, in which he characterized him as emphatically the Good President, in a noble passage in which his eloquence was tempered by the solemnity of the occasion.

In New York, on the Anniversary of the Landing of the Pilgrims in 1843, at the Tabernacle, he delivered the address in which he described a body of the Puritans flying from the Marian persecution to Geneva, where they found a commonwealth without a king, and a church without a bishop." The sentiment was complimented at the dinner which followed at the Astor House, where Dr. Wainwright (since bishop) was present and replied. In 1852 he was one of the speakers at the meeting of the Circuit Court of Boston upon the decease of Webster, and afterwards, in July of the next year, delivered an elaborate eulogy on his illustrious friend at their common college at Dartmouth. It has been said that the art of constructing a long sentence has been lost by the feeble wits of the men of modern days; if so, the secret has been regained by Mr. Choate. One of the sentences in the Dartmouth oration on Webster, a summary of the statesman's career, occupied nearly five pages of printed matter in octavo.

THE STATESMANSHIP OF DANIEL WEBSTER.

It was while Mr. Webster was ascending through the long gradations of the legal profession to its highest rank, that by a parallel series of display on a stage, and in parts totally distinct, by other studies, thoughts, and actions, he rose also to be at his death the first of American Statesmen. The last of the mighty rivals was dead before, and he stood alone. Give this aspect also of his greatness a passing glance. His public life began in May, 1813, in

the House of Representatives in Congress, to which this state had elected him. It ended when he died. If you except the interval between his removal from New Hampshire and his election in Massachusetts, it was a public life of forty years. By what political morality, and by what enlarged patriotism, embracing the whole country, that life was guided, I shall consider hereafter. Let me now fix your attention rather on the magnitude and variety and actual value of the service. Consider that from the day he went upon the Committee of Foreign Relations, in 1813, in time of war, and more and more, the longer he lived and the higher he rose, he was a man whose great talents and devotion to public duty placed and kept him in a position of associated or sole command; command in the political connexion to which he belonged, command in opposition, command in power; and appreciate the responsibilities which that implies, what care, what prudence, what mastery of the whole ground-exacting for the conduct of a party, as Gibbon says of Fox, abilities and civil discretion equal to the conduct of an empire. Consider the work he did in that life of forty years -the range of subjects investigated and discussed; composing the whole theory and practice of our organic and administrative politics, foreign and domestic: the vast body of instructive thought he procured and put in possession of the country; how much he achieved in Congress as well as at the bar; to fix the true interpretation, as well as to impress the transcendent value of the constitution itself, as much altogether as any jurist or statesman since its adoption; how much to establish in the general mind the great doctrine that the government of the United States is a government proper, established by the people of the States, not a compact between sovereign communities,-that within its limits it is supreme, and that whether it is within its limits or not, in any given exertion of itself, it is to be determined by the Supreme Court of the United States -the ultimate arbiter in the last resort-from which there is no appeal but to revolution; how much he did in the course of the discussions which grew out of the proposed mission to Panama, and, at a later day, out of the removal of the deposits, to place the executive department of the government on its true basis, and under its true limitations; to secure to that department all its just powers on the one hand, and on the other to vindicate to the legislative department, and especially to the senate, all that belonged to them; to arrest the tendencies which he thought at one time threatened to substitute the government of a single will, of a single person of great force of character and boundless popularity, and of a numerical majority of the people, told by the head, without intermediate institutions of any kind, judicial or senatorial, in place of the elaborate system of checks and balances, by which the constitution aimed at a government of laws, and not of men; how much, attracting less popular attention, but scarcely less important, to complete the great work which experience had shown to be left unfinished by the judiciary act of 1789, by providing for the punishment of all crimes against the United States; how much for securing a safe currency and a true financial system, not only by the promulga tion of sound opinions, but by good specific measures adopted, or bad ones defeated; how much to develope the vast material resources of the country, and push forward the planting of the West-not troubled by any fear of exhausting old states-by a liberal policy of public lands, by vindicating the constitutional power of Congress to make or aid in making large classes of internal improvements, and by acting on that doctrine uniformly from 1813,

whenever a road was to be built, or a rapid suppressed, or a canal to be opened, or a breakwater or a lighthouse set up above or below the flow of the tide, if so far beyond the ability of a single state, or of so wide utility to commerce or labor as to rise to the rank of a work general in its influences another tie of union because another proof of the beneficence of union; how much to protect the vast mechanical and manufacturing interests of the country, a value of many hundreds of millions-after having been lured into existence against his counsels, against his science of political economy, by a policy of artificial encouragement-from being sacrificed, and the pursuits and plans of large regions and communities broken up, and the acquired skill of the country squandered by a sudden and capricious withdrawal of the promise of the government; how much for the right performance of the most delicate and difficult of all tasks, the ordering of the foreign affairs of a nation, free, sensitive, self-conscious, recognising, it is true, public law and a morality of the state, binding on the conscience of the state, yet aspiring to power, eminence, and command, its whole frame filled full and all on fire with American feeling, sympathetic with liberty everywhere-how much for the right ordering of the foreign affairs of such a state-aiming in all its policy, from his speech on the Greek question in 1823, to his letters to M. Hulsemann in 1850, to occupy the high, plain, yet dizzy ground which separates influence from intervention, to avow and promulgate warm good will to humanity, wherever striving to be free, to inquire authentically into the history of its struggles, to take official and avowed pains to ascertain the moment when its success may be recognised, consistently, ever, with the great code that keeps the peace of the world, abstaining from everything which shall give any nation a right under the law of nations to utter one word of complaint, still less to retaliate by war-the sympathy, but also the neutrality, of Washington-how much to compose with honor a concurrence of difficulties with the first power in the world, which anything less than the highest degree of discretion, firmness, ability, and means of commanding respect and confidence at home and abread would inevitably have conducted to the last calamity-a disputed boundary line of many hundred miles, from St. Croix to the Rocky Mountains, which divided an exasperated and impracticable border population, enlisted the pride and affected the interests and controlled the politics of particular states, as well as pressed on the peace and honor of the nation, which the most popular administrations of the era of the quietest and best public feelings, the times of Monroe and of Jackson, could not adjust; which had grown so complicated with other topics of excitement that one false step, right or left, would have been a step down a precipice--this line settled for ever-the claim of England to search our ships for the suppression of the slave-trade silenced for ever, and a new engagement entered into by treaty, binding the national faith to contribute a specific naval force for putting an end to the great crime of man-the long practice of England to enter an American ship and impress from its crew, terminated for ever; the deck henceforth guarded sacredly and completely by the flag-how much, by profound discernment, by eloquent speech, by devoted life to strengthen the ties of Union, and breathe the fine and strong spirit of nationality through all our numbers-how much most of all, last of all, after the war with Mexico, needless if his counsels had governed, had ended in so vast an acquisition of territory, in presenting to the two great antagonist sections of our country so vast an area to

enter on, so imperial a prize to contend for, and the accursed fraternal strife had begun-how much then, when rising to the measure of a true, and difficult, and rare greatness, remembering that he had a country to save as well as a local constituency to gratify, laying all the wealth, all the hopes, of an illustrious life on the altar of a hazardous patriotism, he sought and won the more exceeding glory which Low attends-which in the next age shall more conspicuously attend-his name who composes an agi tated and saves a sinking land-recall this series of conduct and influences, study them carefully in their facts and results-the reading of years-and you attain to a true appreciation of this aspect of his greatness-his public character and life.

THE CONSOLATIONS OF LITERATURE.*

I come to add the final reason why the working man-by whom I mean the whole brotherhood of industry-should set on mental culture and that knowledge which is wisdom, a value so high-only not supreme-subordinate alone to the exercises and hopes of religion itself. And that is, that therein he shall so surely find rest from labor; succor under its burdens; forgetfulness of its cares; composure in its annoyances. It is not always that the busy day is followed by the peaceful night. It is not always that fatigue wins sleep. Often some vexation outside of the toil that has exhausted the frame; some loss in a bargain; some loss by an insolvency; some unforeseen rise or fall of prices; some triumph of a mean or fraudulent competitor; "the law's delay, the proud man's contumely, the insolence of office, or some one of the spurns that patient merit from the unworthy takes"-some self-reproach, perhaps-follow you within the door; chill the fireside; sow the pillow with thorns; and the dark care is lost in the last waking thought, and haunts the vivid dream. Happy, then, is he who has laid up in youth, and has held fast in all fortune, a genuine and passionate love of reading. True balm of hurt minds; of surer and more healthful charm than "poppy or mandragora, or all the drowsy syrups of the world"-by that single taste, by that single capacity, he may bound in a moment into the still regions of delightful studies, and be at rest. recalls the annoyance that pursues him; reflects that he has done all that might become a man to avoid or bear it; he indulges in one good long, human sigh, picks up the volume where the mark kept his place, and in about the same time that it takes the Mohammedan in the Spectator to put his head in the bucket of water and raise it out, he finds himself exploring the arrow-marked ruins of Nineveh with Layard; or worshipping at the spring-head of the stupendous Missouri with Clarke and Lewis; or watching with Columbus for the sublime moment of the rising of the curtain from before the great mys tery of the sea; or looking reverentially on while Socrates the discourse of immortality ended--refuses the offer of escape, and takes in his hand the poison, to die in obedience to the unrighteous sentence of the law; or, perhaps, it is in the contemplation of some vast spectacle or phenomenon of Nature that he has found his quick peace-the renewed exploration of one of her great laws-or some glimpse opened by the pencil of St. Pierre, or Humboldt, or Chateaubriand, or Wilson, of the "blessedness and glory of her own deep, calm, and mighty existence."

He

From an address delivered at Danvers, Mass., September 29, 1854, at the dedication of the institute for purposes of literature, munificently founded by Mr. George Peabody, the eminent London banker, in his native town in Massachusetts.

CONNECTICUT ACADEMY OF ARTS AND SCIENCES; GEORGE W. DOANE.

Let the case of a busy lawyer testify to the priceless value of the love of reading. He comes home, his temples throbbing, his nerves shattered, from a trial of a week; surprised and alarmed by the charge of the judge, and pale with anxiety about the verdict of the next morning, not at all satisfied with what he has done himself, though he does not yet see how he could have improved it; recalling with dread and self-disparagement, if not with envy, the brilliant effort of his antagonist, and tormenting himself with the vain wish that he could have replied to it--and altogether a very miserable subject, and in as unfavorable a condition to accept comfort from wife and children as poor Christian in the first three pages of the Pilgrim's Progress. With a superhuman effort he opens his book, and in a twinkling of an eye he is looking into the full "orb of Homeric or Miltonic song," or he stands in the crowd breathless, yet swayed as forests or the sea by winds-hearing and to judge the Pleadings for the Crown; or the philosophy which soothed Cicero or Boethius in their afflictions, in exile, in prison, and the contemplation of death, breathes over his petty cares like the sweet south; or Pope or Horace laugh him into good humor, or he walks with Eneas and the Sybil in the mild light of the world of the laurelled dead-and the court-house is as completely forgotten as the dream of a preadamite life. Well may he prize that endeared charm, so effectual and safe, without which the brain had long ago been chilled by paralysis, or set on fire by insanity!

To these uses, and these enjoyments; to mental culture, and knowledge, and morality-the guide, the grace, the solace of labor on all its fields, we dedicate this charity! May it bless you in all your successions; and may the admirable giver survive to see that the debt which he recognises to the future is completely discharged; survive to enjoy in the gratitude, and love, and honor of this generation, the honor, and love, and gratitude, with which the latest will assuredly cherish his name, and partake and transmit his benefaction.

CONNECTICUT ACADEMY OF ARTS AND SCIENCES.

THE Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences was formed at New Haven, Conn., March 4, 1799, by an association of gentlemen. Its object was to concentrate the efforts of literary men in Connecticut in the promotion of useful knowledge.

Previous to this, the Connecticut Society of Arts and Sciences was established in the year 1786. This Society published, in 1788, at New Haven, a very valuable paper, by Jonathan Edwards, D.D., on the language of the Muhhekaneew Indians (8vo., pp. 17), but after a few years the Society gradually died out.

In October, 1799, the Academy was incorporated by the Legislature of Connecticut. At the first meeting, Dr. Timothy Dwight was elected the President, and he was annually re-elected to this office until his death in 1817. He had taken an active part in the establishment of the institution, and was one of its most efficient members.

In addition to the ordinary business of receiving communications on scientific subjects, the Academy, soon after its organization, engaged with great zeal in the enterprise of preparing a full statistical history of the cities, towns, and parishes, of the state of Connecticut. About the same time (Dec. 1799), they made an unsuccessful endeavor, with the concurrence of the American Academy and the American Philosophical Society, to procure an enlargement of the objects, and a greater VOL. II.-19

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particularity in the details of the National Census of 1800.

In the course of a few years, statistical and historical accounts of about thirty towns in Counecticut had been received.

The publication of these accounts was commenced in 1811 with that of the city of New Haven, by the Rev. Timothy Dwight (8vo. pp. 84). In 1815, the Academy published a Statistical Account of several Towns in the County of Litchfield, Conn. (8vo. pp. 40). In 1819 was published, under the patronage of the Academy, a Statistical Account of the County of Middlesex, by the Rev. D. D. Field (Middletown, 8vo. pp. 154).

These were only a small part of the town histories which had been received and arranged for the press. But so little interest was at that period generally felt in such matters, that it was not deemed desirable to continue the publication, and most of these cominunications still remain unprinted.

Several scientific papers having been from time to time read before the Academy, it was decided in 1809, to publish a selection from them. Accordingly, in 1810, there appeared at New Haven the first part of the Memoirs of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences (8vo. pp. 216). Part second followed in 1811, part third in 1813, and part fourth in 1816, completing a volume of 412 pages.

On the establishment of The American Journal of Science and Arts by Professor Silliman, the Academy discontinued the further issue of their Memoirs in a separate form, and adopted this work as their medium of publication. This important journal was commenced in July, 1818, and was sustained for many years at the private expense of Professor Silliman. In April, 1838, Benjamin Silliman, Jr., became associate editor, and has so continued. The first series of the Journal was completed in 1846, and comprises 50 volumes, the last one being a full Index to the forty-nine volumes preceding. A second series was commenced in 1846, under the editorship of Professors B. Silliman, B. Silliman, Jr., and James D. Dana, with whom other scientific gentlemen have since been associated, and it has now reached its twentieth volume. This journal is well known and appreciated throughout the learned world, and has become a very extensive repository of the scientific labors of our countrymen, and has done much to stimulate research and to diffuse knowledge.

Among many important papers communicated by members of the Academy, and presented to the public through the Journal of Science, may be named the elaborate Essay on Musical Temperament, by Prof. A. M. Fisher; also, several papers on Meteorological Topics, and especially on the Rotative Character of Atlantic Gales and of Other Great Storms, by Wm. C. Redfield; and most of the numerous papers on Meteoric Showers, and on the Aurora Borealis, by Professor Olmsted and others.*

GEORGE W. DOANE.

GEORGE WASHINGTON DOANE was born in Trenton, N. J., May 27, 1799. He was partly edu

See the Historical Sketch of the Conn. Acad. by E. C. Herrick, in Am. Quar. Reg., pp. 13-23. Aug., 1840.

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