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citizenship. This has prompted the larger housekeeping. The greatest preparation for the solution of the greatest problem lies within the home.

Miss Sarah W. Partridge, State Home Demonstration Leader from Florida, reviewed the great work accomplished by Dr. Seaman A. Knapp: In 1903 a demonstration of the demonstration method was given in Texas in respect to the boll weevil. This demonstration of a new method has affected agricultural extension methods profoundly from that time. Dr. Knapp believes that when a man see or hears he may doubt; what he does, he cannot doubt. The problem of rural women is whether or not they are willing to provide such homes and such comforts as modern civilization makes available. Successful production and successful marketing are included in the program for higher standards of living in the family. Extension work in Florida began in 1912 when 500 girls in 11 counties were enrolled for club work. Miss Harris started the work. Today there are 405 organized clubs of girls having a definite program and receiving definite training at stated intervals. 647 girls were present last year at eleven recreation camps. There were four camps of women. For two weeks each year club girls go to the college for short courses. Each girl has a college girl who acts as her "big sister." 114 club girls have started college funds and eighteen girls are paying a part of their college expenses from the proceeds made in club work. 4,000 women are enrolled in 120 clubs. The clubs adopt a community program and each woman undertakes a home project along the line of her special interest. The greatest interest is in nutrition.

Mr. I. W. Hill, from the States Relation Service, Washington, spoke on the boys and girls club work, emphasizing its great value and accomplishments. Mr. Hill said it had been stated if we educate a girl we educate a family; if we educate a boy we educate an individual. He reviewed the history of work with boys and girls. Dr. Knapp began with work with corn in 1904. This work was with boys. The club work with girls began in 1910. 80 per cent of farm boys and girls will go back to the farms. One principle in club work is that the boys should be allowed to have the profits from anything which they grow or raise.

Miss Jessie M. Hoover, Milk Utilization Specialist, Dairy Division, U. S. Department of Agriculture, who has charge of milk campaigns promoted by the U. S. Department of Agriculture in co-operation with the states, emphasized the fact that the "Milk for Health" campaigns, as conducted co-operatively by the Department of Agriculture and the Extension Service of the State Agricultural Colleges, are educational and are closely affiliated with the nutrition projects promoted by the home demonstration agents and the dairy projects promoted by county agricultural agents. These county agents are the local representatives of the agricultural colleges and are therefore directly in charge of the campaign. Representatives of local organizations interested in the public welfare assemble and decide for themselves if they wish to undertake this work as a piece of community work in which they will participate. Before the community meeting, the local Board of Health is consulted regarding:

(1) The cleanliness of the milk supply; (2) the adequacy of the milk supply and if there is sufficient to meet an increased demand; (3) the per capita consumption of milk; (4) the fairness of price to both producer and consumer.

The dairy representatives are then asked to meet and they are told about the object of the campaign and asked to formally assure the public that the price of milk will not be raised due to the campaign. The school superintendent is then interviewed and asked for co-operation. It is best to have the co-operation of the schools in order to reach the children with the story of the food value of milk. Talks are given by home demonstration agents, food specialists and others qualified to discuss the food value of milk. They tell the school children, as well as adult groups, about milk in the diet. Much has been done to increase the consumption of milk through the various health agencies. The press is most generous with news space and present a vigorous method of not only giving daily authentic facts regarding the food value of milk and its importance in the diet of the growing child, the expectant nursing mother, and invalid and aged, but also in telling of its value to the head of the family as well. Store window space, posters, pageants, songs, all tell the milk story. The accomplishments of the milk campaign are determined by improvement in health among the children as measured

by their gain in weight through the increased price of milk. The milk inspector or leading distributing plants usually furnish statements as to the total increase in the use of milk in cities, while in rural communities this information is secured from the families by local leaders. All reports are given out at stated intervals agreed upon by the committee having charge of the follow-up.

One of the direct accomplishments of the campaign is the installation of milk service in the schools, or, where it was already installed, the increase in the use of milk is pronounced. It is not uncommon for the schools to report an increase of one hundred or more per cent in the use of milk by the school children. The total consumption of milk is often increased 15 to 20 per cent for the entire community. Milk feeding demonstrations are another form of follow-up and, as commonly organized, they are conducted either in the schools as a school milk feeding demonstration or in the home as a home demonstration, or in both. Wherever the demonstration is conducted its ultimate aim is the same, namely, improving the health of children. Teachers have reported that with improved health, conduct and scholarship are also improved. One county sends the following report:

Forty-eight children were selected who had been examined by a physician and found free from any disease which might prevent normal gain. These children received a quart of milk daily at home for a period of six weeks. A careful record was made of their weights each week. At the end of the six weeks. period, their total actual gain was 1,426 ounces. The total normal gain for healthy children, carefully fed, for the same time, would have been 531 ounces. Their average actual gain was 29.7 ounces. The average normal gain is 18 ounces.

It is very striking to note from the reports given on the survey blanks that neither undernourishment nor lack of use of milk is a matter of material wealth for there is more undernourishment among the children of the rich than of the poor, and the "poor little rich girl" of pampered and finicky appetite is quite as likely to refuse to drink milk as the poor child is to fail to use it for economic reasons. Obviously, if this food with its unexcelled growth-promoting powers and its importance

as an integral part of a good daily diet, is to be impressed on the minds of the coming homemakers and home builders, with all that those terms imply, the educational milk campaign as conducted in a sane and systematic manner presents one of the most important of the ends sought-health. Even the children in the dairy centers are low milk consumers. The rural school children of one of the best dairy counties report as follows:

Three out of every five get milk daily while 1 out of every 6 are 10 per cent or more below the average normal weight for children of their height and age. Only 59 per cent of all the children reporting used milk daily although every one actually lived on a farm and the average number of cows kept on the farms of this county is 10.

From this it would appear that the home demonstration agents are justified in urging the use of more milk by farm children when it is a sound practice from the view-point of health, as milk is recognized by all as the best single food known. From an economic viewpoint, because milk is one of the cheapest foods we have and in the case of the farmer, it is or should be, available for all.

When the United States Department of Agriculture cooperates personally in a "Milk for Health" campaign, it is considered as a training school for the home demonstration agents, with the thought that they will go from the demonstration campaign and repeat it in their respective counties. Statistics from the Department of Agriculture show that in 300 cities, chosen at random and representing over one-third of the population of the United States, the consumption of milk has increased during the past year (1921) from 43 gallons per capita per annum to 49 gallons per capita per annum, an increase of 6 gallons per capita per annum. The average increase for the United States for household purposes is therefore assumed to be 6 gallons per capita per annum.

Miss Williamson, of New Hampshire, said: "In extension work three important factors are fundamental for success: (1) people with whom we work;

(2) workers to put across the work;

(3) good organization through which these people may work together upon the program."

She paid a tribute to the type of farm women and type of Home Demonstration Agents with whom she worked. The New Hampshire plan of organization is on the family membership basis. The community programs are compiled into county programs and the county programs into a state program.

Three state projects with their subdivisions are dominant, Clothing, Food and Health, and Home and Community Improvement.

1. Clothing is the most popular. The paper dress form was one of New Hampshire's contributions to the Extension Service. Nearly 9,000 have been made in this state. Each woman sees herself as others see her. One great value of the dress form is that many women when seeing their dress forms realize they have a health problem and then become interested in the Food and Health Project. The clothing work also includes the foundation waist and skirt pattern which can be adapted to fit every woman. Millinery, remodeling, and renovation schools, and sewing bees are included in the clothing project.

2. The Food and Health Project includes: study of balanced menus and planning same for family, child feeding, invalid cookery, food selection, demonstration classes to correct malnutrition, traveling dental clinics, co-operation with any organization to help carry out a health project, assisting local school boards to establish hot lunches in schools, milk surveys to find out dairy and nutrition situation.

3. Home and Community Improvement includes: making fireless cookers and teaching how to use them; demonstrations of steam pressure cooker; kitchen tours to study equipment; interior decoration; demonstration in making "tyed and dyed" curtains, table covers, etc.; stenciling of oil table covers, doilies, runners, etc.; refinishing old furniture; stressing all sorts of home conveniences; assisting in securing lighting and water systems; encouraging community exhibits at fairs and giving instructions whereby standards of exhibits will be raised.

Miss Alma Binzel from the Universities of Minnesota and Cornell, spoke on the question of child training and mental hygiene of children.

Miss Binzel suggested reading an interesting article printed

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