Monitor and Merrimac-The Story of a Great Invention-Waiting before Yorktown-Civil Supremacy in Danger-A Retreat in Good Order-A Perilous Dilemma-The Army of Virginia-Gen. Pope's Campaign-A New Political Reconstruction-Jarring Counsels-Gen. John C. Frémont-A Premature Proclamation-A Modification-Another Subordinate laying down the Law to The Fighting under Pope-News from the Army-The Changes of Comman- ders-Lee in Maryland-The Antietam-Exhausted Patience-Removal of Mc- The War-Power and the Constitution-A Struggle of Life and Death-The Hour and the Man-The Proclamation-Waiting for the Victory-An Unpre- pared People-Suspension of the Writ of Habeas Corpus-Visiting the Army- Home-Life in the White House-Death of Little Willie-Proclamation of Thanksgiving and Prayer-Circular Letter to the Army on Sabbath-keeping- Two Frontier Posts-Western Successes-A Slice at a Time-Trouble with England-Shortsighted Patriotism-A Message to the English People-Captain Efforts for Compensation to Owners of Slaves-Dreams of Colonization- The Future of the African in America-The Final Proclamation-The Slave- A Tax Payable in Men-The New Financial System-The States and the Na- tion-Reconstruction Begun-A Flood of Calumny-Freedom of Speech and of the Press-A Sarcastic Present to the Confederacy-Opposition Taking Form Preparing for a Great Struggle-Popular Discontent-Murmurs of Sedition- European Hostilities-Chancellorsville-Bitter Hours for the President-Dark- ness at the South-Statesmen under an Hallucination-The Second Invasion of The Eve of Battle-The Surrender of Vicksburg-The Mississippi River set Free The Three Days' Fight at Gettysburg-Lee's Retreat--The Situation Changed-The Draft Riots-The New York Mob-The President's Reply to the Poisoned Arrows-The Ways of a Workingman-Western Bickerings-An Extraordinary Congress-Presenting the President's Case-Preparing the Po- litical Future-Visitors at the White House-Wearing Away-Unconditional Unionism Portrayed-Voices of Good-will from Europe-The Gettysburg Speech. The Campaign of Calumny-The Reconstruction Proclamation-Traps which Captured Nothing-Skirmishing Diplomacy-The Blunders of the Opposition— The Rebellion Bleeding to Death-Half a Million More-The Results of the Election Sherman's March to the Sea-The Last Great Battle in the West- Putting Emancipation into the Constitution-Sherman in South Carolina- The Peace Conference in Hampton Roads-Useless Bloodshed-The Second In- augural. A Proclamation of Pardon-Going to the Army-The Death-Struggle of the Rebellion-Hemmed in by the Hunters-The President in Richmond-Surrend- A Rejoicing People-Vanity and Revenge conspire to Commit Murder-The Assassination-The Mourning of a Mighty Multitude-Voices from Distant LINCOLN'S SPEECH, 465 At Cooper Institute, New York, February, 1860 (Ch. XXIV.). To Unconditional Union Men, April, 1864 (Ch. XLIX.). To Governor Bramlette of Kentucky, Washington, April 4, 1864. After his assassination, May, 1865. ABRAHAM LINCOLN. CHAPTER I. A CHAOTIC BEGINNING. The Birthplace-The Family-The Homestead-1809 to 1816. "THAT's the place, Abe. You was born thar." ""Tain't much of a place to be born in. It's a heap meaner'n the place we're a-livin' in now." A man of little over the middle height, broad-shouldered, powerfully built, and somewhat rough-looking, leaned upon a long rifle and gazed at a forlorn log-house, not far from the roadside, in a wretched, ill-tended corn-field. At his side was a slim, overgrown boy of seven years, who might easily have passed for three years older. The growth which had come to him so fast was indicated not only by his size, but by the queer, thoughtful expression of his strongly marked, sunburned face. It was full of boyish fun, to recklessness; and yet it wore an unchildlike sadness also, as if the kind of human life into which he had been born were already teaching him its lessons and leaving upon him its forever indelible marks. "They call it Rock Spring Farm," remarked his father. "Do they? Wall, I remember the spring well enough, and the rocks too; but, pop, whar's the farm?" "All around, hereaway. It was the first piece of land I ever owned, sech as it was. I didn't own it very much, nuther." He did not look like a man who had ever owned much of land or of anything else. He was barefooted, and his patched homespun trowsers barely reached his ankles: but that was more than could be said of Abe's. On his head, too, was a coonskin cap, while his odd-looking son wore nothing above his uncombed shock of dark hair. A greasy buckskin shirt completed the outer garments of Tom Lincoln, with a powderhorn and bullet-pouch slung over his shoulders in lieu of all ornament. His leathern waist-belt marked yet one more difference in the apparel of the two, as Abe's left shoulder was crossed by the one suspender with which his trowsers were tied up, and it met no buttons at its lower ends. "Pop, do you reckon you'll find anything meaner'n that over in Injianny?" "I'll tell ye when I git back. We'd best be movin' now. I want to git out of Kaintucky; I jest do." "Wall, pop, I don't know as I keer much whar we go to." Tom strode away down the road, but it was marvelous how easily the light-footed youngster kept up with him. Mile after mile they went on together, along roads which were only here and there bordered by anything which would nowadays be considered cultivation. The State of Kentucky was a very young one in the fall of the year 1816, and was barely beginning to work its way out of the backwoods into the long, toilsome path towards civilization. Still, if Abe Lincoln and his father had been on the lookout for a poorer piece of "improvement” than "Rock Spring Farm," they would probably have failed to find it during that day's walking. A poor place indeed, both land and dwelling. There Abraham Lincoln was born, on the 12th day of February, 1809. He spent there the first four years of his life, and it was such life as was possible in such a hut as he had now been taken back to look at. Its hardening, narrowing, stunting conditions, creating barriers and fetters to be afterwards burst or broken, are worth a careful recognition and study. The end of Abe's tramp gave him a chance to compare with the place of his birth the cabin he was now at home in. It was just a trifle better, and the land around presented less of an ap |