Casualties in the Third Regiment Potomac Home Brigade, Maryland Volunteers, at the Battle of Monocacy Junction, Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, Maryland, July 9th, 1864.

I certify that the above is a correct list of casualties in the Third regiment, Potomac Home Brigade, Maryland Volunteers, at the Battle of Monocacy Junction, June 9th 1864.

Casualties of the First Maryland Regiment, Potomac Home Brigade, at the Battle of the Monocacy, July 9th, 1864.

I certify that the above is a correct list of casualties of the First Maryland Regiment Potomac Home Brigade, at the Battle of Monocacy, July 9th, 1864.

SAML. B. LAWRENCE,

Lieutenant-Colonel and A. A. G.

REPORT OF CAPTAIN CHARLES J. BROWN.

HEADQUARTERS FORT WORTHINGTON, July 20, 1864.

Captain R. H. Offley, Assistant Adjutant-General,
Defences of Baltimore.

CHARLES J. Brown,

Captain Commanding Detachment

First Maryland Regiment, Potomac Home Brigade.

bridge, and occupied the rifle-pits on the east side of the Monocacy, covering the retreat of our army for a short time, and then following the line of march until my command was increased by companies B, G and H, First Maryland, Potomac Home Brigade, being added to it at Ellicott's Mills, where I was furnished transportation to Baltimore Sunday, July tenth, and ordered to report to Colonel Gilpin, commanding First Separate Brigade, Colonel Gilpin being in command of Fort Worthington.

CAPTAIN-I have the honor to submit the following report of my command at the battle of Monocacy. My two companies, "C" and "K," First Maryland regiment, Potomac Home Brigade, were occupying, at the commencement of the fight, the block-house on the west side of the Monocacy, which I, in obedience to orders from the General Commanding, evacuated and burned. I was then ordered to hold the bridge over the railroad on the Georgetown pike, one company of the Tenth Vermont Infantry and one company of the Ninth New York Heavy Artillery being added to my command. This position I held until the left of our army fell back, when, having received a discretionary order to fall back while I could do so with safety, SAMUEL B. LAWRENCE, I left my position, fell back across the railroad

On Wednesday, July thirteen, Colonel Gilpin being ordered elsewhere, I was placed in command of the fort, which I now occupy with companies B, C, G, H, and K of the First Maryland regiment, Potomac Home Brigade. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, CHARLES J. BROWN,

Captain Commanding First Maryland, Potomac Home Brigade, Detached Infantry. Lieutenant-Colonel and A. A. G.

Report of Casualties in Third Division, Sixth Army Corps, for July 9th, 1864.

Doc. 109.

SURRENDER OF GENERAL JOHNSTON.

.

MAJOR-GENERAL SHERMAN'S REPORT.

HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI,
In the Field, City Point, Virginia, May 9, 1865.

of the cavalry corps organized by himself under Special Field Orders No. of October twenty-four, one thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, at Gaylesville, Alabama, had started from the neighborhood of Decatur and Florence, ;} Alabama, and moved straight into the heart of Alabama, on a route prescribed for General GENERAL-My last official report brought the Thoinas after he had defeated General Hood at history of events, as connected with the armies Nashville Tennessee; but the roads being too in the field subject to my immediate command, heavy for infantry, General Thomas had dedown to the first of April, when the Army of the volved that duty on that most energetic young Ohio, Major-General J. M. Schofield command- cavalry officer, General Wilson, who, imbued ing, lay at Goldsboro', with detachments dis- with the proper spirit, has struck one of the tributed so as to secure and cover our routes best blows of the war at the waning strength of of communication and supply back to the sea at the Confederacy. His route was one never beWilmington and Morehead City; Major-General fore touched by our troops, and afforded him A. H. Terry, with the Tenth corps, being at abundance of supplies as long as he was in moFaison's depot; the Army of the Tennessee, tion, namely, by Tuscaloosa, Selma, MontgomeMajor-General O. O. Howard commanding, was ry, Columbus and Macon. Though in commuencamped to the right and front of Goldsboro', nication with him, I have not been able to reand the Army of Georgia, Major-General H. W. ceive as yet his full and detailed reports, which Slocum commanding, to its left and front; the will in due time be published and appreciated. cavalry, Brevet-Major-General J. Kilpatrick com- Lieutenant-General Grant, also in immediate manding, at Mount Olive. All were busy in re- command of the armies about Richmond, had pairing the wear and tear of our then recent taken the initiative in that magnificent camand hard march from Savannah, or in replenish-paign which, in less than ten days, compelled ing clothing and stores necessary for a further the evacuation of Richmond, and resulted in progress. the destruction and surrender of the entire rebel army of Virginia under command of General Lee.

I had previously, by letter and in person, notified the Lieutenant-General commanding the armies of the United States that the tenth of April would be the earliest possible moment at which I could hope to have all things in readiness, and we were compelled to use our railroads to the very highest possible limit in order to fulfil that promise. Owing to a mistake in the railroad department in sending locomotives and cars of the five-foot gauge, we were limited to the use of the few locomotives and cars of the four-foot-eight-and-a-half-inch gauge already in North Carolina, with such of the old stock as was captured by Major-General Terry at Wilmington, and on his way up to Goldsboro'. Yet such judicious use was made of these, and such industry displayed in the railroad management by Generals Easton and Beckwith, and Colonel Wright and Mr. Van Dyne, that by the tenth of April our men were all reclad, the wagons reloaded, and a fair amount of forage accumulated ahead.

In the meantime Major-General George Stoneman, in command of a division of cavalry operating from East Tennessee in connection with Major-General George H. Thomas, in pursuance of my orders of January twenty-one, one thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, had reached the railroad about Greensboro', North Carolina, and had made sad havoc with it, and had pushed along it to Salisbury, destroying en route bridges, culverts, depots, and all kinds of rebel supplies, and had extended the break in the railroad down to the Catawba bridge.

The news of the battles about Petersburg reached me at Goldsboro' on the sixth of April. Up to that time my purpose was to move rapidly northward, feigning on Raleigh and striking straight for Burksville, thereby interposing between Johnston and Lee. But the auspicious events in Virginia had changed the whole military problem, and in the expressive language of Lieutenant-General Grant," the Confederate armies of Lee and Johnston" became the "strategic points." General Grant was fully able to take care of the former, and my task was to capture or destroy the latter. Johnston at that time, April six, had his army well in hand about Smithfield, interposing between me and Raleigh. I estimated his infantry and artillery at thirty-five thousand, and his cavalry from six thousand to ten thousand. He was superior to me in cavalry, so that I held General Kilpatrick in reserve at Mount Olive, with orders to recruit his horses and be ready to make a sudden and rapid march on the tenth of April.

This was fatal to the hostile armies of Lee and Johnston, who depended on that road for supplies and as their ultimate line of retreat. Major-General J. H. Wilson, also in command |

At daybreak of the day appointed all the heads of columns were in motion straight against the enemy, Major-General H. W. Slocum taking the two direct roads for Smithfield; Major-General O. O. Howard making a circuit by the right and feigning up the Weldon road, to disconcert the enemy's cavalry; Generals Terry and Kilpatrick moving on the west side of the Neuse river, and aiming to reach the rear of the enemy between Smithfield and Raleigh. General Schofield followed General Slocum in support.

All the columns met, within six miles of Goldsboro', more or less cavalry, with the usual

rail barricades, which were swept before us as fifteenth and sixteenth of April, with that of chaff, and by ten A. M. of the eleventh the Four- General Halleck about Burksville and Petersteenth corps entered Smithfield, the Twentieth | burg, Virginia, on the twenty-sixth of April, corps close at hand. Johnston had rapidly when, according to his telegram to Secretary -retreated across the Neuse river, and, having Stanton, he offered to relieve me of the task of his railroad to lighten up his trains, could "cutting off Johnston's retreat." Major-General retreat faster than we could pursue. The Stoneman at the time was at Statesville, and rains had also set in, making the re- Johnston's only line of retreat was by Salisbury sort to corduroy absolutely necessary to and Charlotte. It may be that General Halleck's pass even ambulances. The enemy had burn- troops can outmarch mine, but there is nothing ed the bridge at Smithfield, and as soon as in their past history to show it, or it may be possible Major-General Slocum got up his pon- that General Halleck can inspire his troops toons and crossed over a division of the Four- with more energy of action. I doubt that also, teenth corps. We there heard of the surrender save and except in this single instance, when of Lee's army at Appomattox Court-house, Vir- he knew the enemy was ready to surrender or ginia, which was announced to the armies in disperse, as advised by my letter of April orders, and created universal joy. Not an eighteen, addressed to him when Chief of Staff officer or soldier of my armies but expressed at Washington city, and delivered at Washinga pride and satisfaction that it fell to the lot of ton on the twenty-first instant by Major HitchArmies of the Potomac and James so gloriously cock, of my staff. to overwhelm and capture the entire army that held them so long in check, and their success gave new impulse to finish up our task. Without a moment's hesitation we dropped our trains and marched rapidly in pursuit to and through Raleigh, reaching that place at 7:30 A. M. of the thirteenth in a heavy rain. The next day the cavalry pushed on through the rain to Durham's station, the Fifteenth corps following as far as Morrisville station, and the Seventeenth corps to Jones' station. On the supposition that Johnston was tied to his railroad as a line of retreat, by Hilsboro', Greensboro', Salisbury, Charlotte, &c., I had turned the other columns across the bend of that road toward Ashboro' (See Special Field Orders number fifty-five.) The cavalry, Brevet Major-General J. Kilpatrick commanding, was ordered to keep up a show of pursuit to the "Company's Shops," in Alamance county; Major-General O. O. Howard to turn to the left by Hackney's cross-roads, Pittsboro', St. Lawrence and Ashboro'; MajorGeneral H. W. Slocum to cross Cape Fear river at Aven's ferry, and move rapidly by Carthage, Caledonia, and Cox's Mills; MajorGeneral J. M. Schofield was to hold Raleigh and the road back, and with his spare force to follow an intermediate route.

By the fifteenth, though the rains were incessant and the roads almost impracticable, Major-General Slocum had the Fourteenth corps, Brevet Major-General Davis commanding, near Martha's Vineyard, with a pontoon bridge laid across Cape Fear river at Aven's ferry, with the Twentieth corps, Major-General Mower commanding, in support, and Major General Howard had the Fifteenth and Seventeenth corps stretched out on the roads toward Pittsboro', while General Kilpatrick held Durham's Station and Chapel Hill University.

Johnston's army was retreating rapidly on the roads from Hilsboro' to Greensboro', he himself at Greensboro'. Although out of place as to time, I here invite all military critics who study the problems of war to take their maps and compare the position of my army on the

Thus matters stood at the time I received General Johnston's first letter and made my answer of April fourteenth, copies of which were sent with all expedition to Lieutenant-General Grant and the Secretary of War, with my letter of April fifteenth. I agreed to meet General Johnston in person at a point intermediate between our pickets on the seventeenth at noon, provided the position of the troops remained statu quo. I was both willing and anxious thus to consume a few days, as it would enable Colonel Wright to finish our railroad to Raleigh.

Two bridges had to be built and twelve miles of new road made. We had no iron except by taking up that on the branch from Goldsboro' to Weldon. Instead of losing by time I gained in every way, for every hour of delay possible was required to reconstruct the railroad to our rear and improve the condition of our wagon-roads to the front, so desirable in case the negotiations failed, and we be forced to make the race of nearly two hundred miles to head off or catch Johnston's army, then retreating toward Charlotte.

At noon of the day appointed I met General Johnston for the first time in my life, although we had been interchanging shots constantly since May, 1863.

Our interview was frank and soldier-like, and he gave me to understand that further war on the part of the Confederate troops was folly; that the cause was lost; and that every life sacrificed after the surrender of Lee's army was the highest possible crime. He admitted that the terms conceded to General Lee were magnanimous and all he could ask, but he did want some general concessions that would enable him to allay the natural fears and anxiety of his followers, and enable him to maintain his control over them until they could be got back to the neighborhood of their homes, thereby saving the State of North Carolina the devastations inevitably to result from turning his men loose and unprovided on the spot, and our pursuit across the State.

He also wanted to embrace in the same general proposition the fate of all the Confederate armies that remained in existence. I never made any concession as to his own army, or assumed to deal finally or authoritatively in regard to any other, but it did seem to me that there was presented a chance for peace that might be deemed valuable to the Government of the United States, and was at least worth the few days that would be consumed in reference.

To push an army whose commander had so frankly and honestly confessed his inability to cope with me were cowardly and unworthy the brave men I led.

tional safety for years. It admitted of modification, alteration, and change. It had no appearance of an ultimatum, and by no false reasoning can it be construed into an usurpation of power on my part. I have my opinions on the questions involved, and I will stand by the memorandum; but this forms no part of a military report. Immediately on my return to Raleigh I despatched one of my staff, Major Hitchcock, to Washington, enjoining him to be most prudent and careful to avoid the spies and informers that would be sure to infest him by the way, and to say nothing to anybody until the President could make known to me his wishes and policy in the matter.

The news of President Lincoln's assassination on the fourteenth of April (wrongly reported to me by telegraph as having occurred on the eleventh) reached me on the seventeenth, and was announced to my command on the same day in Special Field Orders No. 56. I was duly impressed with its horrible atrocity and probable effect upon the country; but when the property and interests of millions still living were involved, I saw no good reason to change my course, but thought rather to manifest real respect for his memory by following after his death that policy which, if living, I feel certain he would have approved, or at least not rejected with disdain.

Inasmuch as General Johnston did not feel authorized to pledge his power over the armies of Texas, we adjourned to meet next day at noon. I returned to Raleigh and conferred freely with all my general officers, every one of whom urged me to conclude terms that might accomplish so complete and desirable an end, All dreaded the weary and laborious march after a fugitive and dissolving army back toward Georgia, almost over the very country where we had toiled so long. There was but one opinion expressed, and if contrary ones were entertained they were withheld, or indulged in only by that class who shun the fight and the march, but are loudest, bravest, and fiercest when danger is past. I again met Gen- Up to that hour I had never received one eral Johnston on the eighteenth, and we renewed word of instruction, advice, or counsel as to the the conversation. He satisfied me then of his." plan or policy" of Government looking to a power to disband the rebel armies in Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas, as well as those in his immediate command-namely, North Carolina, South Carolina, Florida, and Georgia.

The points on which he expressed especial solicitude were lest their States were to be dismembered and denied representation in Congress, or any separate political existence whatever, and that the absolute disarming his men would leave the South powerless and exposed to depredations by wicked bands of assassins and robbers.

President Lincoln's message of 1864; his amnesty proclamation; General Grant's terms to General Lee, substantially extending the benefits of that proclamation to all officers above the rank of colonel; the invitation to the Virginia legislature to reassemble in Richmond by General Weitzel, with the approval of Mr. Lincoln and General Grant, then on the spot; a firm belief that I had been fighting to re-establish the Constitution of the United States; and last, and not least, the general and universal desire to close a war any longer without organized resistance, were the leading facts that induced me to pen the "memorandum" of April eighteen, signed by myself and General Johnston.

It was designed to be, and so expressed on its face, as a mere "basis" for reference to the President of the United States and constitutional commander-in-chief, to enable him, if he chose, at one blow to dissipate the military power of the Confederacy, which had threatened the na

restoration of peace on the part of the rebel States of the South. Whenever asked for an opinion on the points involved, I had always evaded the subject. My letter to the mayor of Atlanta has been published to the world, and I was not rebuked by the War Department for it.

My letter to Mr. N- W-, at Savannah, was shown by me to Mr. Stanton before its publication, and all that my memory retains of his answer is that he said, like my letters generally, it was sufficiently "emphatic, and could not be misunderstood."

66

Both these letters asserted my belief that, according to Mr. Lincoln's proclamation and messages, when the people of the South had laid down their arms and submitted to the lawful power of the United States, ipso facto the war was over as to them; and furthermore that if any State in rebellion would conform to the Constitution of the United States, cease war," elect senators and representatives to Congress, if admitted (of which each house of Congress alone is the judge), that State became instanter as much in the Union as New York or Ohio. Nor was I rebuked for this expression, though it was universally known and commented on at the time. And again, Mr. Stanton, in person, at Savannah, speaking of the terrific expenses of the war, and difficulty of realizing the money necessary for the daily wants of the government, impressed me most forcibly with the necessity of bringing the war