European fame. Powerful and fascinating as were the addresses of Von Vangerow, he was a true and faithful disciple of the school of Savigny. Not only did he talk of the original sources of the law, but he constantly led his students to refresh and stimulate their research at the fountain head. The great revival in the study of jurisprudence that the present century has witnessed in Germany, has been the result of the careful and loyal study of the sources of the law, contained in the "Corpus Juris Civilis" and the other writings of the jurists and scholars of antiquity.

Von Vangerow's inaugural address, delivered at Marburg in 1830, consisted of a commentary on 1. 22 Cod. "De jure deliberandi " (6.30), This address was succeeded by the following works:-A treatise upon the "Latini Juniani," Marburg, 1833; "De Furto Concepto ex Lege XII. Tabularum," Heidelberg, 1845; his great work entitled "Leitfaden für Pandektenvorlesungen,"-elementary work for lectures on the modern civil law-was first published at Marburg in three volumes, in 1837, and the following years. This work has passed through several editions; the seventh was published only last year. Almost his last work was a monogram on the difficult questions connected with the Senatus Consultum Neronianum. Von Vangerow has also written in Richter's "Jahrbuch" several critical works, and in the "Archives for Civil Practice," of which he has been co-editor since 1841, a great number of articles have appeared from his

pen.

In contrasting the three great civilians of Germany of modern times, it may be observed that Puchta was a compact and philosophical writer, who, if he had lived at the time of the early Roman jurists, when the luminaries of legal science were grouped in two constellations of surpassing brightness, would have been found marshalled with the Proculians, the sect or school that treated the law with philosophical freedom, deriving its arguments from the appropriateness and the utility of the law itself. Arndts, for

merly of Vienna, is preëminently a plain, able, and practical writer. But Von Vangerow possessed a critical acumen that amounted to genius. His arguments are so striking and cogent, he is so fair to his opponents, combining the clear common sense of the best English controversialists with the learning and acuteness of a German.

The Pandekten of our great master is a work upon the modern Roman law altogether unique. To the general. student it would be regarded as lacking the completeness and finish of Puchta. To the advanced student, Von Vangerow presents, in his extracts from the authorities and his discussions on the controverted points of the law, a mine of wealth and treasure, not to be found in any modern treatise on the Roman law. In his three volumes, containing almost as many thousand pages, we possess the most acute discussions on the controversies of the Roman law, found in either ancient or modern writers. These volumes, however, give no adequate conception, to a mere reader, of his well rounded and perfectly spoken lectures. His works resemble a vast workshop stored with materials, and containing things in various stages of completeness. Their great value can be only appreciated by those who have used them as text-books for his spoken lectures. During the winter session of the University of Heidelberg, for five months of the year, hundreds of students flocked to his class. They came from all parts of Germany, from France, Holland, Belgium, England, Italy, Spain, Greece, Russia, and the United States of America. Full and systematic, microscopically correct and accurate in his authorities and his definitions, his students never wearied of listening to him, and even grew enthusiastic in their devotedness to the professor, and to the branch of the law of which he was so great a master. In his lectures there seemed to be revived the fluency, the beauty and promptness of the great Roman jurist, Ulpianus.

One of the best informed of our daily journals recently printed the following able, truthful, and pertinent remarks on the great jurist.

"While French journalists have been circulating fictitious stories about the mysterious death of an illustrious German officer, one of the most noteworthy among German professors has suddenly passed away. By the death, in his sixty-second year, of Professor Vangerow, at Heidelberg, Germany loses one of her greatest jurists, and the students of Roman law one of their most accomplished teachers. Since Savigny died, Professor Vangerow has had no superior in the world as an authority upon Roman law. For the last twenty years his lectures have attracted students to Heidelberg from all parts of the globe. In his class-room, students from every State in Germany, from England, Scotland, and America, attentively listened to the exposition of the principles of Roman law, and to an explanation of the points which had been the subjects of controversy and doubt. There was not a pamphlet relating to the law which the professor had not read, and to which, in his work entitled 'Pandecten,' he did not make some reference. He had the gift, possessed by few of his countrymen, of being exhaustive without being exhausting. His lucidity of exposition was as great as his learning. This contributed to make him renowned as a teacher. Indeed his fame as a writer is out of proportion to his capacity. Had he devoted himself, like Savigny, to the production of some comprehensive work on Roman law he would doubtless have made a greater mark in the voluminous literature of which Roman juris. prudence is the theme. He might have done this, however, without rendering a more important service to the students of jurisprudence. Those who profited by his teaching will be able to accomplish that which he had not the time to undertake.”

We hope and believe that the closing words of this writer may be verified in the future.

Many years ago Mr. Chittenden, of the American Bar, was sitting by the side of the writer of this sketch at the close of Von Vangerow's course of lectures on the Pandects. All the class were in a state of exhaustion; but it was felt to be exhaustion after a mighty victory. Never will the plaudits with which those lectures were concluded be forgotten. Mr. Chittenden retired with the writer, to the building now known as the "Hotel de Russe," and whilst the present writer was penning an article on Lord Palmerston for the American

6

Press, Mr. Chittenden wrote on a piece of paper, still preserved, the following account of that closing lecture. "Dr. Von Vangerow was deeply affected, for his students had faithfully clung to him till his last utterance. His face was flushed and his glorious voice trembled with feeling. When he closed, thunders of applause testified the admiration of his students, and many a tear was brushed away from manly cheeks. 'Gentlemen,' said Von Vangerow, we have attained our object, and I have now only a pleasant duty to perform. Though during the long months that have fled, I have given your patience a severe trial, I still hope that the recollection of the labour my instructions have cost you, will not cast too deep a shade upon the lectures themselves. You will, I know, remember that the labour has been mutual. confident that the investigations of the past session have demonstrated to you, that the study of the Pandects is, and will be, the only sure basis of a scientific knowledge of the law. I am quite sure that your further researches in jurisprudence will be facilitated by the attention you have paid to this subject. One who knew well has said, and said correctly, "bonus pandectista, bonus jurista," and the experience of every age confirms the assertion. I trust you will regard the notes of my lectures, which you will carry away with you, as a friendly souvenir of the past session. But my time fails; I thank you heartily for your kind and studious attention. It is a guarantee to me that you have acquired a correct idea of the full significance of the principles and doctrines advanced. I shall not, however, blame you,' he pleasantly observed, if you rejoice somewhat at the thought, that—instead of listening to the voice that has so long resounded in this lecture hall,—you are about to enjoy a pleasant ferien in the homes of your friends. Farewell." Several have been the communications since that "Farewell," which have come from the kind-hearted and noble professor on the banks of the Neckar to the old student on the banks of the Thames. On the 18th of October last, a letter came with the

Baden impress. It told his former pupil and friend that the excellent professor, Dr. Von Vangerow was dead, and that on the previous Friday he had been laid in his last restingplace-his "quiet bed," as the Germans call it, not far from Umbreit, and Mittermaier, and Rothe, and that a distinguished professor from Munich had been already invited to occupy his chair.

ART. XI.-THE LEGAL EDUCATION ASSOCIA

TION.

N the 6th of July last, just before the beginning of the long vacation, movement was formally organised in Lincoln's Inn Hall, which promises to effect a complete revolution in the study of jurisprudence in England. Surrounded by a large number of lawyers, representing both branches of the profession, supported by the law officers of the Crown, and by leading men of all shades of opinion in politics, Sir Roundell Palmer, the most eminent and most respected member of the English Bar, proposed a resolution constituting the Legal Education Association, of which he was subsequently made president. This resolution, which was seconded by the Solicitor-General, supported by leading attorneys, and put to the meeting by the Attorney-General, was unanimously carried. It sanctioned what had already been done by the promoters of the Association, who, beginning as a small committee of provincial solicitors, had, by their patient and unremitting exertions, gradually made the profession and the public supporters of their scheme; and it adopted the short and simple statement of the objects they had placed at the head of their circular.

Although every leading daily and weekly paper, and almost every leading periodical, has expressed unqualified approval