necessary, that you recommend it to the vizier to enforce the most effectual means for that purpose."

My lords, you see the fraud he has put upon the council. You will find that Mr. Bristow's letters, up to the 3d of March, had been suppressed; and though then communicated, yet he instigated his cat's-paw, that blind and ignorant council, to demand from the vizier the renewal of these very severities and cruelties, the continuance of which the letters in his pocket had shown him were of no effect. Here you have an instance of his implacable cruelty; you see that it never relaxes, never remits; and that, finding all the resources of tyranny useless and ineffective, he is still willing to use them; and for that purpose he makes a fraudulent concealment of the utter inefficacy of all the means that had been used.

But, you will ask, what could make him persevere in these acts of cruelty, after his avarice had been more than satiated? You will find it is this. He had some quarrel with these women. He believed that they had done him some personal injury or other, of which he nowhere informs you. But, as you find that in the case of Cheit Sing, he considered his visit to General Clavering, as an horrid outrage against himself, which he never forgave, and revenged to the ruin of that miserable person; so you find that he has avowed the same malicious disposition towards the begums, arising from some similar cause. In page 367 of your printed minutes, he says, "I am sorry that I must in truth add, that a part of the resentment of the begums was, as I had too much reason to suspect, directed to myself personally. The incidents which gave rise to it are too light to be mixed with the professed subject and occasion of this detail; and as they want the authenticity of recorded evidence, I could lay no claim to credit, in my relation of them. At some period I may be induced to offer them to the world, my ultimate and uner

ring judges, both of that and of every other trait in my political character."

My lords, you have an anecdote here handed to you, which is the key of a great part of this transaction. He had determined upon some deep and desperate revenge for some injury or affront of some kind or other, that he thought he had received from these people. He accuses them of a personal quarrel with himself; and yet he has not the honor or honesty to tell you what it was: what it was that could induce them to entertain such a personal resentment against him, as to ruin themselves and their country by their supposed rebellion. He says, that some time or other he will tell it to the world.-Why did he not tell his counsel, and authorize them to tell a story which could not be unimportant, as it was connected with a rebellion which shook the British power in India to its foundation? And if it be true, that this rebellion had its rise in some wicked act of this man, who had offended these women, and made them, as he says, his mortal enemies; you will then see that you never can go so deep with this prisoner, that you do not find in every criminal act of his, some other criminal act. In the lowest deep, there is still a lower deep. In every act of his cruelty, there is some hidden, dark motive, worse than the act itself, of which he just gives you a hint, without exposing it to that open light which truth courts, and falsehood basely slinks from.

But cruelly as they have suffered, dreadfully as they have been robbed, insulted as they have been, in every mode of insult that could be offered to women of their rank; all this must have been highly aggravated by coming from such a man as Mr. Middleton. You have heard the audacious and insulting language he has held to them; his declining to correspond with them, and the mode of his doing it. There are, my lords, things that embitter the bitterness of oppression itself-contumelious acts and language coming from persons, who the other day would have licked the dust un

der the feet of the lowest servants of these ladies, must have embittered their wrongs, and poisoned the very cup of malice itself.

O! but they deserved it. They were concerned in a wicked, outrageous rebellion: first, for expelling their own son from his dominions; and secondly, for expelling and extirpating the English nation out of India. Good God Almighty! my lords, do you hear this?-Do you understand that the English nation had made themselves so odious, so particularly hateful, even to women, the most secluded from the world, that there was no crime, no mischief, no family destruction, through which they would not wade, for our extermination !—Is this a pleasant thing to hear of? Rebellion is, in all parts of the world, undoubtedly considered as a great misfortune-in some countries it must be considered as a presumption of some fault in government. Nowhere is it boasted of as supplying the means of justifying acts of cruelty and insult, but with us.

We have, indeed, seen that a rebellion did exist in Barratch and Gorruckpore. It was an universal insurrection of the people; an insurrection for the very extermination of Englishmen; for the extermination of Colonel Hannay; for the extermination of Captain Gordon; for the extermination of Captain Williams, and of all the other captains and colonels exercising the office of farmer-general and sub-farmergeneral, in the manner that we have described. We know that there did exist in that country such a rebellion. But mark, my lords! against whom.-Against these mild and gracious sovereigns, Colonel Hannay, Captain Gordon, Captain Williams.-Oh unnatural and abominable rebellion! But will any one pretend to say, that the nabob himself was ever attacked by any of these rebels?-No; the attacks were levelled against the English. The people rose in favor of their lawful sovereign, against a rebellion headed by Mr. Middleton, who, you see, usurped his authority;-headed by Colonel Hannay ;-headed by Captain Gordon ;-headed by all

those abominable persons exercising, under the nabob's name, an authority destructive to himself and his subjects. Against them there was a rebellion; but was this an unnatural rebellion?-A rebellion against usurped authority, to save the prince, his children, and state, from a set of vile usurpers.

My lords, I shall soon close our proceeding for this day; because I wish to leave this part of our charge strongly and distinctly impressed upon your lordships' memory, and because nothing can aggravate it. I shall next proceed, in the farther examination of the prisoner's defence, to dissipate, as I trust we have done, and as I hope we shall do, all the miserable stuff they have given by way of defence. I shall often have occasion to repeat and press upon your lordships, that that miserable defence is a heavy aggravation of his crime. At present, I shall conclude; leaving this part of our charge with the impression upon your lordships' minds, that this pretended rebellion was merely an insurrection against the English, excited by their oppression. If the rebellion was against the nabob, or if he was the author of the oppression which caused it, why do the English only appear to be concerned in both of them? How comes it that the nabob never appears to have expressed any resentment against the rebels? We shall prove, beyond a doubt, that the begums had nothing to do with it. There was, indeed, as I have already said, what may be called a rebellion but it was a rebellion, against-not the nabob, but in favor of the lawful prince of the country;-against the usurpers of his authority and the destroyers of his country. With this, as a rebellion, Mr. Hastings has charged these women; he has charged them with a war against their son, for the purpose of exterminating the English. Look, I pray you, at the whole business; consider all the cirumstances of it, and ask yourselves, whether this is not a charge, not only so grossly improbable, but so perfectly impossible, that there is not any evidence which can make it even plausible.

Consider next, my lords, on the other side, the evidence of their innocence, and then ask yourselves, whether any additional matter could make its probability in the least degree more probable. My lords, the evidence we have produced is neither more nor less than that of almost all the persons who have had a share in exciting that rebellion, and who, to justify their own horrible cruelty, have attempted to charge the natural consequences of that cruelty upon these unhappy women.

But where, all this time, is the nabob, against whom this rebellion is pretended to be directed? Was it ever even insinuated to him that his mother had raised a rebellion against him?-When were the proofs shown to him?—Did he ever charge her with it? He surely must have been most anxious to prevent and suppress a rebellion against himself; but not one word on that subject has ever come out of his mouth; nor has any one person been produced to show that he was informed of the existence of such a rebellion. The persons said to be rebels, are his mother and grandmother; and I again ask, was there the least intimation given to him by Mr. Middleton, or by any other person, of their being even suspected of rebellion against him? There was, indeed, a hint of some rebellion, which the creatures of Mr. Hastings got at obliquely; but neither the person against whom the rebellion is supposed to exist, nor the persons who were said to be guilty of it, were ever either informed of, or charged with it. I defy the prisoner, and his whole gang, to produce one word ever uttered by any one of them, from which the nabob or begums could learn, that they were supposed to be concerned in the rebellion: so that none of those who were said to be the principal actors in the scene ever heard of the parts they were acting, from the actual authors and managers of the business. Not one word was uttered of a charge made, much less of proof given. Nothing was heard but-Give me the money-irons-new irons-new imprisonment; and at last the castle of Chunar. And here