rocks reëchoed with his roar. Rhinoceroses armed and Russian bears. Round rang her shrill, sharp, frenzied shriek 102 for mercy. Ruin and rapine, ruthless wretch, attend thee!

XVI. Six slim sleek saplings slothfully he sawed. Stridulous strays the stream through forests strange. Snarl'sts thou at me? Vainly thou splash'dst and strov'st. Shall shuffling shift thy shrinking, shrieking shame? Schisms,47 chasms and prisms,97 phantasms and frenzies dire. Smith, smooth, smug, smart, smirked, smattered, smoked, and smiled. Sudden 91 he sadd'n'd;

wherefore I did he sadd'n?

XVII. The heir his hair uncovered to the air. That last still night, that lasts till night's forgot! The strident trident's strife strides strenuous. The dupes 40 shall see the dupe survey the scene. The martial corps 63 regarded

not the corpse.

XVIII. The ringing,99 clinging, blighting, smiting curse.101 The storms still strove, but the masts stood the struggle. The steel these steal still stěr'eotypes (the er as in terror) their stigma. The stalk these talkers strike stands strong and steady. Thawing it thermometrically thrives.

XIX. Temptations tantamount indictment's 47 debtor. Tenth or ten thousandth breaks the chain alike. Think'st thou the heights, depths, breadths, thou'rt thorough in? The soldiers skilled in war, a thousand men. The soldiers killed in war a thousand men. The prints the prince selected were superb. Often 65 even 30 in heaven 30 earth's evils 93 may give pain. Beneath,66 with, underneath.

XX. Then if thou fall'st, thou fall'st a bless'ed martyr. Thou livʼst — livʼst did I say? appear'st in the Senate! Though thy cry moved me, thy crime moved me more. These things can never make your government.92 Thou barb'dst the dart that wounded me, alas!

XXI. Thou startl'dst me, and still thou startl'st me. Thou watch'st there where thou watch'dst, sir, when I came. Thou black'n'dst and thou black'n'st me in vain. Thought'st thou those thoughts of thine could thrill me through? The intriguing rogue's vague brogue plagues like an ague.

XXII. Thou slept'st, great ocean, hush'dst thy myriad waves. The wolf whose howl, the owl whose hoot is heard. The new tune 40 played on Tuesday suits the dūke. Too soon thou chuckl'dst o'er the gold thou stol'dst. Twanged short and sharp, like the shrill 64 swallow's cry. XXIII. Use makes us use it even as usage rules.40 usurer's usual custom. Utility's your ultima'tum, then. table, unthinking. Urge me no more; your arguments are useless. The tutor's constitution is reduced.

Umpires usurp the
Untunable, untrac-

Whetting his

XXIV. Vain, vacillating,46 ve'hement, he veers forever. scythe, the mower singeth blithe. While 103 whiling time at whist, why will you whisper? Whelmed in the waters were the whirling wheels. Where is the ware that is to wear so well?

XXV. White were the wights who waggishly were winking. Wrenched by the hand of violence from hope. Wouldst thou not highly-wouldst not holily? With short, shrill shrieks flits by on leathern wing. Xerxes, Xantippe, Xen'ophon and Xanthus.

XXVI. Yachts 47 yield the yeomen youthful exercise. You pay nobody? Do you pain nobody? Your kindness overwhelms me-makes me bankrupt. Zeuxis, Zenobia, Zeus, and Zoroäs'ter. Zephyr these heifers indolently fans.

EXERCISES IN ARTICULATION.

35

113. By the term alliteration is meant the repetition of the same letter, chiefly at the beginning of words. In the following Exercise, the words of every line are alliterative according to the order of the letters of the alphabet. It will be found a good practice for keeping ålive the attention of a class to have the lines read singly, one by each pupil successively.

XXVII.

An Austrian army, awfully arrayed,
Boldly, by battery, besieged Belgrade;
Cossack commanders cannonading come,
Dealing destruction's desolating doom;
Every endeavor engineers essay,

For fame, for fortune fighting- - furious fray;
Generals 'gainst 141 generals grapple, grimly great;
How hold heroic hearts hard, haggard hate!

Infuriate, indiscriminate in ill,

Kinsmen kill kindred, kindred kinsmen kill!

Labor low levels loftiest, longest lines;

Men march 'mid mounds, 'mid moles, 'mid murderous mines;

Now noisy, noxious numbers notice naught

Of outward obstacles, opposing ought;

Poor patriots, partly purchased, partly pressed,

Quite quailing, quaking, quickly quarter quest;
Reason returns, religious right resounds,
Suwarrow stops such sanguinary sounds.
Truce then to Turkey; triumph to thy train,

Unjust, unwise, unmerciful Ukraine !

Vanish, vain victory, vanish, victory vain!

Why wish we warfare? wherefore welcome were

Xerxes, Xime'nës, Xanthus, Xavière ?

Yield! yield! ye youths! ye yeomen, yield your yell;
Zeno's, Zarparrhës', Zo-ro-ăster's zeal,

All, all arouse ! all against arms appeal!

LESSON IX.

114. THE following "Rhymes for the Nursery," by Robert Southey, descriptive of the Cataract of Lodore, afford a good exercise in articulation, especially in the recurring terminations in ing. The voice should be modulated in many places, to imitate the motion of the water; and there is even an opportunity, in the expressiveness of many of the words, for imitative articulation.

I.

"How does the water come down at Lodore?"
My little boy asked me thus once on a time;
And moreover he tasked me to tell him in rhyme.
Anon, at the word, there first came one daughter,
And then came another, to second and third

The request of their brother, and to hear how the water
Comes down at Lodore, with its rush and its roar,

As many a time they had seen it before.

So I told them in rhyme, for of rhymes I had store;
And 'twas in my vocation for their recreation

That so I should sing,

Because I was Laureate* to them and the king.

II.

From its sources which well in the tarn on the fell;

From its fountains in the mountains, its rills and its gills;
Through moss and through brake, it runs and it creeps
For a while, till it sleeps in its own little lake,
And thence at departing, awakening and starting,
It runs through the reeds, and away it proceeds,
Through meadow and glade, in sun and in shade,

And through the wood-shelter, among crags in its flurry,
Helter-skelter, hurry-skurry.

III.

Here it comes sparkling, and there it lies darkling;
Now smoking and frothing, its tumult and wrath in,
Till in this rapid race, on which it is bent,

It reaches the place of its steep descent.

IV.

The Cataract strong then plunges along,
Striking and raging, as if a war waging
Its caverns and rocks among;

Rising and leaping,99 sinking and creeping, swelling and sweeping,
Showering and springing, flying and flinging, writhing and ringing,
Eddying and whisking, spouting and frisking, turning and twisting,
Around and around, with endless rebound;

Smiting and fighting, — a sight to delight in, -
Confounding, astounding, dizzying and deafening the ear with its sound.

V.

Collecting, projecting, receding and speeding, and shocking and rocking, And darting and parting, and threading and spreading, and whizzing and hissing,

* See this word, and Southey, in the Explanatory Index.

PRONUNCIATION, MODULATION, EMPHASIS.

37

And dripping and skipping, and hitting and spitting, and shining and twining,
And rattling and battling, and shaking and quaking, and pouring and roaring,
And waving and raving, and tossing and crossing, and flowing and going,
And running and stunning, and foaming and roaming, and dinning and
spinning,

And dropping and hopping, and working and jerking, and guggling and struggling,

And heaving and cleaving, and moaning and groaning;

VI.

And glittering and frittering, and gathering and feathering,
And whitening and brightening, and quivering and shivering,
And hurrying and skurrying, and thundering and floundering;

VII.

Dividing and gliding and sliding,
And falling and brawling and sprawling,
And driving and riving and striving,

And sprinkling and twinkling and wrinkling,
And sounding and bounding and rounding,
And bubbling and troubling and doubling,
And grumbling and rumbling and tumbling,
And clattering and battering and shattering;

VIII.

Retreating and beating and meeting and sheeting,
Delaying and straying and playing and spraying,
Advancing and prancing and glancing and dancing,
Recoiling, 38 turmoiling, and toiling and boiling,

And gleaming and streaming and steaming and beaming,
And rushing and flushing and brushing and gushing,
And flapping and rapping and clapping and slapping,
And curling and whirling and purling and twirling,
And thumping and plumping and bumping and jumping,
And dashing and flashing and splashing and clashing;

IX.

And so never ending, but always descending,

Sounds and motions forever and ever are blending,
All at once and all o'er, with a mighty uproar ;
And this way the water comes down at Lodore.

LESSON X.

PRONUNCIATION, MODULATION, EMPHASIS.

115. PRONUNCIATION includes the consideration not only of articulation and quantity, but of accent. It tells us, for instance, not only how

syllables and words ought to be articulated, but on which syllable, if the word be of two or more syllables, the ictus, or principal blow of the voice, ought to fall. Modes of pronouncing are partly the result of usage, and partly fixed by laws founded on the natural genius and tendency of the language. Those modes that are easiest of enunciation, and most satisfactory to the ear, have been generally adopted, except when there is a reason, in the derivation of a word, or in some other cause, for a departure from the rule that has regard to these objects.

116. The colloquial pronunciation of certain words is, in some few instances, different from that employed in devotional discourse and in poetry. In reading the Scriptures we say blessed; in current speech we say blest. When the rhyme requires it in verse, we give to the i in wind its long sound, making the word rhyme with mind. Always consult your dictionary for the pronunciation of a doubtful word. A faulty manner of pronouncing mars the effect of the best discourse and the most sympathetic voice. For a person, on a question of pronunciation, to trust to his own judgment, unenlightened by authority and its reasons, is mere presumption.

117. The word modulation is derived from a Latin word signifying to measure off properly, to regulate; and it may be applied to singing and dancing, as well as to speaking. It is not enough that syllables and words are enunciated correctly, and that the marks of punctuation are duly observed. Unless the voice sympathetically adapts itself to the emotion or sentiment, and regulates its pauses accordingly, it will but imperfectly interpret what it utters.

118. The study of pronunciation, in the ancient and most comprehensive sense of that word, comprised the consideration not only of what syllables of a word ought to be accented, but of what words of a sentence ought to be emphasized. The term Em'phasis, 60 from a Greek word, signifying to point out, or show, is now commonly used to signify the stress to be laid upon certain words in a sentence. It is divided by some writers into emphasis of force, which we lay on almost every significant word; and emphasis of sense, which we lay on particular words, to distinguish them from the rest of the sentence.

119. The importance of emphasis to the right delivery of thoughts in speech must be obvious on the slightest reflection. "Go and ask how old Mrs. Remnant is," said a father to his dutiful son. The latter hurried away, and soon returned with the report that Mrs. Remnant had replied, that "it was none of his business how old she was." The poor man had intended merely to inquire into the state of her health; but he accidentally put a wrong emphasis on the adjective old.

120. Another instance of misapprehension will illus'trate the importance of emphasis. A stranger from the country, observing an ordinary röller-rule on a table, took it up, and, on asking what it was used for, was answered, "It is a rule for counting-houses." After turning it over