The Spanish Slaver "Amistad" sails from Havana, Cuba, for Porto Principe. Fifty-four
Native Africans on Board. - Joseph Cinquez, the Son of an African Prince. - The
"Amistad" captured and taken into New London, Conn. - Trial and Release of the
Slaves. Tour through the United States. - Return to their Native Country in Company
with Missionaries. The Anti-slavery Cause benefited by their Stay in the United
States. Their Appreciation of Christian Civilization

PAGE

93

Part 6.

THE PERIOD OF PREPARATION.

CHAPTER IX.

NORTHERN SYMPATHY AND SOUTHERN SUBTERFUGES.

1850-1860.

Violent Treatment of Anti-slavery Orators. The South misinterprets the Mobocratic Spirit
of the North. The "Garrisonians and Calhounites."- Slave Population of 1830-
1850. The Thirty-first Congress.-Motion for the Admission of New Mexico and Cali-
fornia. The Democratic and Whig Parties on the Treatment of the Slave Question.
Convention of the Democratic Party at Baltimore, Maryland. - Nomination of Franklin
Pierce for President. Whig Party Convention. - Nomination of Gen. Winfield Scott
for the Presidency by the Whigs. Mr. Pierce elected President in 1853. - A Bill in-
troduced to repeal the "Missouri Compromise." -Speech by Stephen A. Douglass.
Mr. Chase's Reply. - An Act to organize the Territories of Kansas and Nebraska. —
State Militia in the South make Preparations for War. - President Buchanan in Sympathy
with the South

. 97

-

Stringent Laws enacted against Free Negroes and Mulattoes. - Fugitive-slave Law respected
in Ohio. A Law to prevent Kidnapping. - The First Constitution of Ohio. History of
the Dred Scott case. - -Judge Taney's Opinion in this Case. - Ohio Constitution of 1851
denied Free Negroes the Right to vote. - The Establishment of Colored Schools. - Law
in Indiana Territory in Reference to Executions. An Act for the Introduction of Negroes
and Mulattoes into the Territory. - First Constitution of Indiana. - The Illinois Consti-
tution of 1818. - Criminal Code enacted. Illinois Legislature passes an Act to prevent
the Emigration of Free Negroes into the State. - Free Negroes of the Northern States
endure Restriction and Proscription

CHAPTER XI.

THE NORTHERN NEGROES.

Nominal Rights of Free Negroes in the Slave States. - Fugitive Slaves seek Refuge in Canada.
-Negroes petition against Taxation without Representation.- A Law preventing Negroes
from other States from settling in Massachusetts. -Notice to Blacks, Indians, and Mulat-
toes, warning them to leave the Commonwealth. - The Rights and Privileges of the
Negro restricted. - Colored Men turn their Attention to the Education of their own
Race. John V. De Grasse, the first Colored Man admitted to the Massachusetts Medical
Society. Prominent Colored Men of New York and Philadelphia. — The Organization
of the African Methodist Episcopal and Colored Baptist Churches. - Colored Men distin-
guish themselves in the Pulpit. Report to the Ohio Anti-slavery Society of Colored

-

People in Cincinnati in 1835. Many purchase their Freedom. - Henry Boyd, the Me-
chanic and Builder, He becomes a Successful Manufacturer in Cincinnati. Samuel
T. Wilcox, the Grocer. - His Success in Business in Cincinnati. - Ball & Thomas, the
Photographers. -Colored People of Cincinnati evince a Desire to take Care of themselves.
- Lydia P. Mott establishes a Home for Colored Orphans. - The Organization effected
in 1844. Its Success. - Formation of a Colored Military Company called "The Attucks
Guards." - Emigration of Negroes to Liberia. The Colored People live down much
Prejudice.

PAGE

. 125

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CHAPTER XII.

NEGRO SCHOOL LAWS.
1619-1860.

--

The Possibilities of the Human Intellect. Ignorance Favorable to Slavery. An Act by the
Legislature of Alabama imposing a Penalty on any one instructing a Colored Person.-
Educational Privileges of the Creoles in the City of Mobile. - Prejudice against Colored
Schools in Connecticut. - The Attempt of Miss Prudence Crandail to admit Colored Girls
into her School at Canterbury. - The Indignation of the Citizens at this Attempt to mix
the Races in Education. -
-The Legislature of Connecticut passes a Law abolishing the
School. The Building assaulted by a Mob. Miss Crandall arrested and imprisoned for
teaching Colored Children against the Law. - Great Excitement. - The Law finally re-
pealed. An Act by the Legislature of Delaware taxing Persons who brought into, or
sold Slaves out of, the State. - Under Act of 1829 Money received for the Sale of Slaves
in Florida was added to the School Fund in that State. - Georgia prohibits the Education
of Colored Persons under Heavy Penalty. - Illinois establishes Separate Schools for Col-
ored Children. The "Free Mission Institute" at Quincy, Illinois, destroyed by a Mis-
souri Mob. Numerous and Cruel Slave Laws in Kentucky retard the Education of the
Negroes. An Act passed in Louisiana preventing the Negroes in any Way from being
instructed. Maine gives Equal School Privileges to Whites and Blacks. - St. Francis
Academy for Colored Girls founded in Baltimore in 1831.-The Wells School. -The First
School for Colored Children established in Boston by Intelligent Colored Men in 1798.-
A School-house for the Colored Children built and paid for out of a Fund left by Abiel
Smith for that Purpose. - John B. Russworm one of the Teachers and afterward Gov-
ernor of the Colony of Cape Palmas, Liberia. - First Primary School for Colored Chil-
dren established in 1820.- Missouri passes Stringent Laws against the Instruction of
Negrocs. New York provides for the Education of Negroes. -Elias Neau opens a
School in New York City for Negro Slaves in 1704.-"New York African Free School"
in 1786. Visit of Lafayette to the African Schools in 1824. - His Address. - Public
Schools for Colored Children in New York, Colored Schools in Ohio. - Cincinnati
High School" for Colored Youths founded in 1844.-Oberlin College opens its Doors to
Colored Students. The Establishment of Colored Schools in Pennsylvania by Anthony
Benezet in 1750. - His Will. -"Institute for Colored Youths" established in 1837.-
"Avery College," at Allegheny City, Pennsylvania, founded in 1849. - Ashmun Institute,
or Lincoln University, founded in October, 1856. - South Carolina takes Definite Action
against the Education or Promotion of the Colored Race in 1800-1803-1834. Tennessee
makes no Discrimination against Color in the School Law of 1840. Little Opportunity
afforded in Virginia for the Colored Man to be enlightened. - Stringent Laws enacted.
History of Schools for the Colored Population in the District of Columbia

CHAPTER XIII.

JOHN BROWN-HERO AND MARTYR.

John Brown's Appearance in Kansas. - He denounces Slavery in a Political Meeting at Osa-
watomie. Mrs. Stearns's Personal Recollection of John Brown. Kansas infested by
Border Ruffians. - The Battle of Harper's Ferry. - The Defeat and Capture of Captain
John Brown. His Last Letter written to Mrs. Stearns. His Trial and Execution. - His
Influence upon the Anti-slavery Question at the North. His Place in History

. 17

214

Part 7.

THE NEGRO IN THE WAR FOR THEe union.

PAGE

CHAPTER XIV.

DEFINITION OF THE WAR ISSUE.

Increase of Slave Population in Slave-holding States from 1850-1860.

Labor.-
ment.

Products of Slave
Basis of Southern Representation. - Six Seceding States organize a New Govern-
Constitution of the Confederate Government. Speech by Alexander H. Ste-
phens. Mr. Lincoln in Favor of Gradual Emancipation. - He is elected President of the
United States. The Issue of the War between the States

· 228

The First Call for Troops. - Rendition of Fugitive Slaves by the Army. - Col. Tyler's Ad-
dress to the People of Virginia. - General Isaac R. Sherwood's Account of an Attempt to
secure a Fugitive Slave in his Charge. - Col. Steedman refuses to have his Camp
searched for Fugitive Slaves by Order from Gen. Fry. - Letter from Gen. Buell in De-
fence of the Rebels in the South. -Orders issued by Generals Hooker, Williams, and
Others, in Regard to harboring Fugitive Slaves in Union Camps. Observation Concern-
ing Slavery from the "Army of the Potomac." - Gen. Butler's Letter to Gen. Winfield
Scott. It is answered by the Secretary of War. Horace Greeley's Letter to the Presi-
dent. President Lincoln's Reply.-Gen. John C. Fremont, Commander of the Union
Army in Missouri, issues a Proclamation emancipating Slaves in his District. It is disap-
proved by the President. Emancipation Proclamation by Gen. Hunter. It is rescinded
by the President. - Slavery and Union joined in a Desperate Struggle.

CHAPTER XVI.

THE NEGRO ON FATIGUE DUTY.

Negroes employed as Teamsters and in the Quartermaster's Department. - Rebel General
Mercer's Order to the Slave-holders issued from Savannah. He receives Orders from the
Secretary of War to impress a Number of Negroes to build Fortifications. - The Negro
proves himself Industrious and earns Promotion

CHAPTER XVII.

THE EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATIONS.

A Fruit-

Congress passes an Act to confiscate Property used for Insurrectionary Purposes.
less Appeal to the President to issue an Emancipation Proclamation. He thinks the Time
not yet come for such an Action, but within a Few Weeks changes his Opinion and issues
an Emancipation Proclamation, - The Rebels show no Disposition to accept the Mild
Terms of the Proclamation. - Mr. Davis gives Attention to the Proclamation in his Third
Annual Message. --Second Emancipation Proclamation issued by President Lincoln Jan-
uary 1, 1863. The Proclamation imparts New Hope to the Negro.

-

CHAPTER XVIII.

EMPLOYMENT OF NEGROES AS SOLDIERS.

The Question of the Military Employment of Negroes. The Rebels take the First Step toward
the Military Employment of Negroes. - Grand Review of the Rebel Troops at New
Orleans. General Hunter Arms the First Regiment of Loyal Negroes at the South.
Official Correspondence between the Secretary of War and General Hunter respecting the
Enlistment of the Black Regiment. The Enlistment of Five Negro Regiments au-
thorized by the President. - The Policy of General Phelps in Regard to the Employ-

. 241

260

263

-

PAGE

ment of Negroes as Soldiers in Louisiana.- A Second Call for Troops by the Presi-
dent. An Attempt to amend the Army Appropriation Bill so as to prohibit the Further
Employment of Colored Troops. Governor John A. Andrew, of Massachusetts, au-
thorized by Secretary of War to organize Two Regiments of Colored Troops. - General
Lorenzo Thomas is despatched to the Mississippi Valley to superintend the Enlistment of
Negro Soldiers in the Spring of 1863. - An Order issued by the War Department in the
Fall of 1863 for the Enlistment of Colored Troops. The Union League Club of New York
City raises Two Regiments. - Recruiting of Colored Troops in Pennsylvania. - Major
George L. Stearns assigned Charge of the Recruiting of Colored Troops in the Depart-
ment of the Cumberland. Free Military School established at Philadelphia, Pennsyl-
vania. -- Endorsement of the School by Secretary Stanton. - The Organization of the
School. Official Table giving Number of Colored Troops in the Army. The Char-
acter of Negro Troops. - Mr. Greeley's Editorial on Negro Troops." Letter from
Judge-Advocate Holt to the Secretary of War on the " Enlistment of Slaves." The
Negro Legally and Constitutionally a Soldier. - History records his Deeds of Fatriotism. 276

-

CHAPTER XIX.

NEGROES AS SOLDIERS.

"

on the

Justification of the Federal Government in the Employment of Slaves as Soldiers. Trials of
the Negro Soldier.- - He undergoes Persecution from the White Northern Troops, and
Barbarous Treatment from the Rebels. Editorial of the "New York Times
Negro Soldiers in Battle. - Report of the "Tribune" on the Gallant Exploits of the 1st
South Carolina Volunteers. Negro Troops in all the Departments. Negro Soldiers in
the Battle of Port Hudson. - Death of Captain Andre Callioux. - Death of Color-Sergeant
Anselmas Planciancois. - An Account of the Battle of Port Hudson. - Official Report of
General Banks. - - He applauds the Valor of the Colored Regiments at Port Hudson.
George H. Boker's Poem on "The Black Regiment."- Battle of Milliken's Bend, June,
1863. Description of the Battle. - Memorable Events of July, 1863. - Battle on Morris
Island. Bravery of Sergeant Carney. - An Account of the 54th Massachusetts Regiment
by Edward L. Pierce to Governor Andrew. - Death of Col. Shaw. - Colored Troops in
the Army of the Potomac. - Battle of Petersburg. - Table showing the Losses at Nash-
ville. Adjt.-Gen. Thomas on Negro Soldiers. An Extract from the "New York Tri-
bune" in Behalf of the Soldierly Qualities of the Negroes. Letter received by Col.
Darling from Mr. Aden and Col. Foster praising the Eminent Qualifications of the Negro
for Military Life. - History records their Deeds of Valor in the Preservation of the

Union

CHAPTER XX.

CAPTURE AND TREATMENT OF NEGRO' SOLDIERS.

The Military Employment of Negroes Distasteful to the Rebel Authorities. - -The Confed-
crates the First to employ Negroes as Soldiers. - Jefferson Davis refers to the Subject in
his Message, and the Confederate Congress orders All Negroes captured to be turned
over to the State Authorities, and raises the "Black Flag" upon White Officers com-
manding Negro Soldiers. The New York Press calls upon the Government to protect
its Negro Soldiers. - Secretary Stanton's Action. -- The President's Order. - Cor-
respondence between Gen. Peck and Gen. Pickett in Regard to the Killing of a Colored
Man after he had surrendered at the Battle of Newbern. - Southern Press on the Capt-
ure and Treatment of Negro Soldiers. The Rebels refuse to exchange Negro Soldiers
captured on Morris and James Islands on Account of the Order of the Confederate
Congress which required them to be turned over to the Authorities of the Several States.
- Jefferson Davis issues a Proclamation outlawing Gen. B. F. Butler. He is to be hung
without Trial by any Confederate Officer who may capture him. -The Battle of Fort
Pillow. - The Gallant Defence by the Little Band of Union Troops. It refuses to capitu-
late and is assaulted and captured by an Overwhelming Force. - The Union Troops
butchered in Cold Blood. - The Wounded are carried into Houses which are fired and
burned with their Helpless Victims. Men are nailed to the Outside of Buildings through
their Hands and Feet and burned alive. -- The Wounded and Dying are brained where
they lay in their Ebbing Blood. - The Outrages are renewed in the Morning. - Dead and
Living find a Common Sepulchre in the Trench. - General Chalmers orders the Killing of a

-

PAGE

Negro Child. - Testimony of the Few Union Soldiers who were enabled to crawl out of
the Gilt-Edge, Fire-Proof Hell at Pillow. They give a Sickening Account of the
Massacre before the Senate Committee on the Conduct of the War. Gen. Forrest's
Futile Attempt to destroy the Record of his Foul Crime. Fort Pillow Massacre without
a Parallel in History

• 350

The War over, Peace restored, and the Nation cleansed of a Plague. — Slavery gives Place
to a Long Train of Events. - Unsettled Condition of Affairs at the South.

-

- The Absence

of Legal Civil Government necessitates the Establishment of Provisional Military Gov-
ernment. An Act establishing a Bureau for Refugees and Abandoned Lands. - Con-
gressional Methods for the Reconstruction of the South. Gen. U. S. Grant carries these
States in 1868 and 1872 Both Branches of the Legislatures in all the Southern States
The Errors of Reconstruction chargeable to both Sections of

contain Negro Members.
the Country

. 377

-

-

CHAPTER XXII.

THE RESULTS OF EMANCIPATION.

-

The Apparent Idleness of the Negro Sporadic rather than Generic. He quietly settles down
to Work. The Government makes Ample Provisions for his Educational and Social Im-
provement. The Marvellous Progress made by the People of the South in Education. -
Earliest School for Freedmen at Fortress Monroe in 1861.- The Richmond Institute for
Colored Youth. The Unlimited Desire of the Negroes to obtain an Education. - Gen-
eral Order organizing a “ Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands."― Gen.
O. O. Howard appointed Commissioner of the Bureau. Report of all the Receipts and
Expenditures of the Freedman's Bureau from 1865-1867.-An Act Incorporating the
Freedman's Savings Bank and Trust Company. - The Business of the Company as
shown from 1866-1871. - Financial Statement by the Trustees for 1872. - Failure of the
Bank. - The Social and Financial Condition of the Colored People in the South. The
Negro rarely receives Justice in Southern Courts. Treatment of Negroes as Convicts in
Southern Prisons.-Increase of the Colored People from 1790-1880.- Negroes susceptible
of the Highest Civilization

--

384

CHAPTER XXIII.

REPRESENTATIVE COLORED MEN.

-

Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution. - The Legal Destruction of Slavery and a Consti-
tutional Prohibition. - Fifteenth Amendment granting Manhood Suffrage to the American
Negro. - President Grant's Special Message upon the Subject.- Universal Rejoicing
among the Colored People. The Negro in the United States Senate and House of Repre-
sentatives.- - The Negro in the Diplomatic Service of the Country. - Frederick Douglass-
His Birth, Enslavement, Escape to the North, and Life as a Freeman. - Becomes an Anti-
slavery Orator. — Goes to Great Britain.-Returns to America. - Establishes the "North
Star."- His Eloquence, Influence, and Brilliant Career. Richard Theodore Greener. --
His Early Life, Education, and Successful Literary Career. - John P. Green. -
His Early
Struggles to obtain an Education. A Successful Orator, Lawyer, and Useful Legislator.
- Other Representative Colored Men. - Representative Colored Women

. 419