CHAPTER XXIV.

THE AFRICAN METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH.

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Its Origin, Growth, Organization, and Excellent Influence.. Its Publishing House, Periodi-
cals, and Papers. Its Numerical and Financial Strength. -Its Missionary and Educa-
tional Spirit. - Wilberforce University

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CHAPTER XXV.

THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH.

Founding of the M. E. Church of America in 1768.- Negro Servants and Slaves among the
First Contributors to the Erection of the First Chapel in New York. - The Rev. Harry
Hosier the First Negro Preacher in the M. E. Church in America. - His Remarkable
Eloquence as a Pulpit Orator. - Early Prohibition against Slave-holding in the M. E.
Church. Strength of the Churches and Sunday-schools of the Colored Members in the
M. E. Church. The Rev. Marshall W. Taylor, D.D. - His Ancestors. - His Early
Life and Struggles for an Education. He Teaches School in Kentucky. His Experi-
ences as a Teacher. — Is ordained to the Gospel Ministry and becomes a Preacher and
Missionary Teacher. His Settlement as Pastor in Indiana and Ohio. — Is given the Title
of Doctor of Divinity by the Tennessee College. His Influence as a Leader, and his
Standing as a Preacher

PAGE

452

• 465

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CHAPTER XXVI.

THE COLORED BAPTISTS OF AMERICA.

The Colored Baptists an Intelligent and Useful People. - Their Leading Ministers in Missouri,
Ohio, and in New England. -The Birth, Early Life, and Education of Duke William
Anderson. As Farmer, Teacher, Preacher, and Missionary. His Influence in the West.
Goes South at the Close of the War. - Teaches in a Theological Institute at Nashville,
Tennessee. Called to Washington. - Pastor of 19th Street Baptist Church. He occupies
Various Positions of Trust. -Builds a New Church. His Last Revival. His Sickness
and Death. His Funeral and the General Sorrow at his Loss. - Leonard Andrew Grimes,
of Boston, Massachusetts. - His Piety, Faithfulness, and Public Influence for Good. - The
Completion of his Church. His Last Days and Sudden Death. - General Sorrow. Reso-
lutions by the Baptist Ministers of Boston. A Great and Good Man Gone.

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• 475

Part 9.

THE DECLINE OF NEGRO GOVERNMENTS.

CHAPTER XXVII.

REACTION, PERIL, AND PACIFICATION.

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1875-1880.

The Beginning of the End of the Republican Governments at the South. - Southern Election
Methods and Northern Sympathy. - Gen. Grant not Responsible for the Decline and
Loss of the Republican State Governments at the South. A Party without a Live Issue.
- Southern War Claims. The Campaign of 1876. — Republican Lethargy and Demo-
cratic Activity.- Doubtful Results. The Electoral Count in Congress. Gen. Garfield
and Congressmen Foster and Hale to the Front as Leaders. - Peaceful Results. - Presi-
dent Hayes's Southern Policy. -Its Failure. The Ideas of the Hon. Charles Foster on
the Treatment of the Southern Problem. Nothing but Leaves" from Conciliation. - A
New Policy demanded by the Republican Party. - A Remarkable Speech by the Hon.
Charles Foster at Upper Sandusky, Ohio. He calls for a Solid North against a Solid
South. He sounds the Key-note for the North and the Nation responds. The Decay

and Death of the Negro Governments at the South Inevitable. The Negro must turn his
Attention to Education, the Accumulation of Property and Experience. He will return
to Politics when he shall be Equal to the Difficult Duties of Citizenship

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CHAPTER XXVIII.

THE EXODUS-CAUSE AND EFFECT.

PAGE

The Negroes of the South delight in their Home so Long as it is Possible for them to remain.
The Policy of abridging their Rights Destructive to their Usefulness as Members of
Society. Political Intimidation, Murder, and Outrage disturb the Negroes.-The Planta-
tion Credit System the Crime of the Century. - The Exodus not inspired by Politicians,
but the Natural Outcome of the Barbarous Treatment bestowed upon the Negroes by the
Whites. The Unprecedented Sufferings of 60,000 Negroes fleeing from Southern Demo-
cratic Oppression. - Their Patient Christian Endurance. - Their Industry, Morals, and
Frugality. The Correspondent of the " Chicago Inter-Ocean" sends Information to
Senator Voorhees respecting the Refugees in Kansas. The Position of Gov. St. John
and the Faithful Labors of Mrs. Comstock. -The Results of the Exodus Beneficent. - The
South must treat the Negro Better or lose his Labor.

CHAPTER XXIX.

RETROSPECTION AND PROSPECTION.

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The Three Grand Divisions of the Tribes of Africa. Slave Markets of America supplied
from the Diseased and Criminal Classes of African Society. - America robs Africa of
15,000,000 Souls in 360 Years. - Negro Power of Endurance. - His Wonderful Achieve-
ments as a Laborer, Soldier, and Student. First in War, and First in Devotion to the
Country. His Idiosyncrasies. Mrs. Stowe's Errors. His Growing Love for Schools
and Churches. His General Improvement. - The Negro will endure to the End. He
is Capable for All the Duties of Citizenship. - Amalgamation will not obliterate the Race.
- The American Negro will civilize Africa.- America will establish Steamship Communi-
cation with the Dark Continent. - Africa will yet be composed of States, and "Ethiopia
shall soon stretch out her Hands unto God."

516

529

• 544

HISTORY OF THE NEGRO RACE IN AMERICA.

Part 4.

CONSERVATIVE ERA-NEGROES IN THE ARMY AND

NAVY.

CHAPTER I.

RESTRICTION AND EXTENSION. 1800-1825.

COMMENCEMENT OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY.-SLAVE POPULATION OF 1800. MEMORIAL PRESENTED TO CONGRESS CALLING ATTENTION TO THE SLAVE-TRADE TO THE COAST OF GUINEA.GEORGIA CEDES THE TERRITORY LYING WEST OF HER TO BECOME A STATE. OHIO ADOPTS

A STATE CONSTITUTION. — WILLIAM HENRY HARRISON AFTOINTED GOVERNOR OF The TerriTORY OF INDIANA. AN ACT OF CONGRESS PROHIBITING THE IMPORTATION OF SLAVES INTO THE UNITED STATES OR TERRITORIES. SLAVE POPULATION OF 1810.- MISSISSIPPI APPLIES FOR ADMISSION INTO THE UNION WITH A SLAVE CONSTITUTION. - CONGRESS BESIEGED BY MEMORIALS URGING MORE SPECIFIC LEGISLATION AGAINST THE SLAVE-TRADE. PREMIUM OFFERED TO THE INFORMER OF EVERY ILLEGALLY IMPORTED AFRICAN SEIZED WITHIN THE UNITED STATES. CIRCULAR LETTERS SENT TO THE NAVAL OFFICERS ON THE SEACOAST OF THE SLAVE-HOLDING STATES. PRESident Monroe's MESSAGE TO Congress on the Question of SLAVERY, PETITION PRESENTED BY THE MISSOURI DELEGATES FOR THE ADMISSION OF THAT STATE INTO THE UNION. THE ORGANIZATION OF THE ARKANSAS TERRITORY. RESOLUTIONS PASSED FOR THE RESTRICTION OF SLAVERY IN NEW STATES. THE MISSOURI CONTROVERSY,THE ORGANIZATION OF THE ANTI-SLAVERY SOCIETIES. - AN ACT FOR THE GRADUAL ABOLITION OF SLAVERY IN NEW JERSEY.-ITS PROVISIONS. THE ATTITUDE OF THE NORTHERN PRESS ON THE SLAVERY QUESTION. SLAVE POPULATION OF 1820. ANTI-SLAVERY SENTIMENT AT THE NORTH.

TH

HE nineteenth century opened auspiciously for the cause of the Negro. Although slavery had ceased to exist in Massachusetts and Vermont, the census of 1800 showed that the slave population in the other States was steadily on the increase. In the total population of 5,305,925, there were 893, 041 slaves. The subjoined table exhibits the number of slaves. in each of the slave-holding States in the year 1800.

On the 2d of January, 1800, a number of Colored citizens of the city and county of Philadelphia presented a memorial to Congress, through the delegate from that city, Mr. Waln, calling attention to the slave-trade to the coast of Guinea. The memorial charged that the slave-trade was clandestinely carried on from various ports of the United States contrary to law; that under this wicked practice free Colored men were often seized and sold as slaves; and that the fugitive-slave law of 1793 subjected them to great inconvenience and severe persecutions. The memorialists did not request Congress to transcend their authority respecting the slave-trade, nor to emancipate the slaves, but only to prepare the way, so that, at an early period, the oppressed might go free.

Upon a motion by Mr. Waln for the reference of the memorial to the Committee on the Slave-trade, Rutledge, Harper, Lee, Randolph, and other Southern members, made speeches against such a reference. They maintained that the petition requested Congress to take action on a question over which they had no control. Waln, Thacher, Smilie, Dana, and Gallatin contended that there were portions of the petition that came within the jurisdiction of the Constitution, and, therefore, ought to be re