and Wise.-The Tyrees.-A Patriotic Woman.-Movements in Northwestern Vir-

ginia.-General Lee.-The Enemy intrenched on Cheat Mountain.-General Rose-

crans.-Failure of General Lee's Plan of Attack.-He removes to the Kanawha Re-

gion.-The Opportunity of a Decisive Battle lost.-Retreat of Rosecrans.-General

H. R. Jackson's Affair on the Greenbrier.--The Approach of Winter.-The Campaign

in Western Virginia abandoned.-The Affair on the Alleghany.-General Floyd at

Cotton Hill.-His masterly Retreat.-Review of the Campaign in Western Virginia.—-

Some of its Incidents.-Its Failure and unfortunate Results.-Other Movements in

Virginia.-The Potomac Line.-The BATTLE OF LEESBURG.-Overweening Confidence

of the South...
.PAGE 159

CHAPTER VII.

The Position and Policy of Kentucky in the War.-Kentucky Chivalry.-Reminis-

cences of the "Dark and Bloody Ground."-Protection of the Northwest by Ken-

tucky.-How the Debt of Gratitude has been repaid.-A Glance at the Hartford

Convention.-The Gubernatorial Canvass of 1859 in Kentucky.-Division of Parties.-

Other Causes for the Disloyalty of Kentucky.-The "Pro-Slavery and Union” Resolu-

tions. The "State Guard."-General Buckner.-The Pretext of "Neutrality," and

what it meant.-The Kentucky Refugees.-A Reign of Terror.-Judge Monroe in

Nashville.--General Breckinridge.-Occupation of Columbus by General Polk.-The

Nentrality of Kentucky first broken by the North.-General Buckner at Bowling

Green.-Camp "Dick Robinson."-The "Home Guard."-The Occupation of Colum-

bus by the Confederates explained.—Cumberland Gap.-General Zollicoffer's Procla-

mation.-The Affair of Barboursville.-"The Wild-Cat Stampede."-The Virginia

and Kentucky Border.-The Affair of Piketon.-Suffering of our Troops at Pound

Gap.-The "Union Party" in East Tennessee.-Keelan, the Hero of Strawberry

Plains.-The Situation on the Waters of the Ohio and Tennessee.--The Battle of

BELMONT.-Weakness of our Forces in Kentucky.---General Albert Sidney Johnston.-

Inadequacy of his Forces at Bowling Green.-Neglect and Indifference of the Con-

federate Authorities.-A Crisis imminent.--Admission of Kentucky into the Southern

Confederacy....
....PAGE 183

CHAPTER VIII.

Prospects of European Interference.-The selfish Calculations of England.-Effects

of the Blockade on the South.-Arrest by Capt. Wilkes of the Southern Commission-

ers.-The Indignation of England.-Surrender of the Commissioners by the Lincoln

Government.-Mr. Seward's Letter.-REVIEW OF AFFAIRS AT THE CLOSE OF THE YEAR

1861.-Apathy and Improvidence of the Southern Government.--Superiority of the

North on the Water.-The Hatteras Expedition.-The Port Royal Expedition.-The

Southern Privateers.-Their Failure.-Errors of Southern Statesmanship.-"King

Cotton."-Episodes of the War.-The Affair of Santa Rosa Island.-The Affair of

Dranesville.-Political Measures of the South.-A weak and halting Policy.-The

Spirit of the War in the North.-Administration of the Civil Polity of the Southern

Army.-The Quarter-master's Department.-Hygiene of the Camps.-Ravages of tho

Southern Army by Disease.-The Devotion of the Women of the South....PAGE 206

CHAPTER IX.

Prospects of the Year 1862.-The Lines of the Potomac.-General Jackson's Expe-

dition to Winchester.-The BATTLE OF MILL SPRINGS IN KENTUCKY.-General Crit

tenden.-Death of General Zollicoffer.-Sufferings of Crittenden's Army on the

Retreat.-Comparative Unimportance of the Disaster.-The BATTLE OF ROANOKE

ISLAND.-Importance of the Island to the South.-Death of Captain Wise.-Causes of

the Disaster to the South.-Investigation in Congress.-Censure of the Government.-

Interviews of General Wise with Mr. Benjamin, the Secretary of War.-Mr. Benjamin

censured by Congress, but retained in the Cabinet.-His Promotion by President

Davis.-Condition of the Popular Sentiment....
.PAGE 220

CHAPTER X.

The Situation in Tennessee and Kentucky.-The affair at Woodsonville.-Death of

Colonel Terry.-The Strength and Material of the Federal Force in Kentucky.-Con-

dition of the Defences on the Tennessee and Cumberland Rivers.-The Confederate

Congress and the Secretary of the Navy.-The Fall of Fort Henry.-Fort Donelson

threatened. The Army of General A. S. Johnston.-His Interview with General

Beauregard.-Insensibility of the Confederate Government to the Exigency.-General

Johnston's Plan of Action.-BATTLE OF FORT DONELSON.-Carnage and Scenery of the

Battle-field. The Council of the Southern Commanders.-Agreement to surrender.

-Escape of Generals Floyd and Pillow.-The Fall of Fort Donelson develops the

Crisis in the West.-The Evacuation of Nashville.-The Panic.-Extraordinary

Scenes.-Experience of the Enemy in Nashville.-The Adventures of Captain John

Morgan.-General Johnston at Murfreesboro.-Organization of a New Line of Defence

South of Nashville.-The Defence of Memphis and the Mississippi.-Island No. 10.-

Serious Character of the Disaster at Donelson.-Generals Floyd and Pillow "re-

lieved from Command."-General Johnston's Testimony in favor of these Officers.-

President Davis's Punctilio.-A sharp Contrast.-Negotiation for the Exchange of

Prisoners.-A Lesson of Yankee Perfidy.-Mr. Benjamin's Release of Yankee

Hostages.....

PAGE 285

CHAPTER XI.

Organization of the permanent Government of the South.-The Policy of England.

--Declaration of Earl Russell.-Onset of the Northern Forces.-President Davis's

Message to Congress.-The Addition of New States and Territories to the Southern

Confederacy.-Our Indian Allies.-The Financial Condition, North and South.-De-

ceitful Prospects of Peace.-Effect of the Disasters to the South.-Action of Congress.

-The Conscript Bill.-Provisions & Cotton-Barbarous Warfare of the North.-The

Anti-slavery Sentiment.--How it was unmasked in the War.-Emancipation Measures

in the Federal Congress.-Spirit of the Southern People.-The Administration of Jef-

ferson Davis.-His Cabinet.-The Defensive Policy.-The NAVAL ENGAGEMENT IN

HAMPTON ROADS.-Iron-clad Vessels.-What the Southern Government might have

done. The Narrative of General Price's Campaign resumed.-His Retreat into Ar-

kansas.-The BATTLE OF ELK HORN.-Criticism of the Result.-Death of General Mc-

Culloch.-The BATTLE OF VALVERDE.-The Foothold of the Confederates in New

Mexico.-Change of the Plan of Campaign in Virginia. - Abandonment of the Potomac

Line by the Confederates.-The BATTLE OF KERNSTOWN.-Colonel Turner Ashby.-

Appearance of McClellan's Army on the Peninsula.-Firmness of General Magruder.

-The New Situation of the War in Virginia.-Recurrence of Disasters to the South

on the Water.-The Capture of Newbern.-Fall of Fort Pulaski and Fort Macon.-

Common Sense vs. "West Point.".

...ΡΑΘΕ 259

CHAPTER XII.

The Campaign in the Mississippi Valley.-Bombardment of Island No. 10.-The

Scenes, Incidents, and Results.-Fruits of the Northern Victory.-Movements of the

Federals on the Tennessee River.-The BATTLE OF SHILOH.-A "Lost Opportunity."

--Death of General Albert Sidney Johnston.-Comparison between the Battles of

Shiloh and Manassas.-The Federal Expeditions into North Alabama.- Withdrawal

of the Confederate Forces from the Trans-Mississippi District.-General Price and

his Command.-The FALL OF NEW ORLEANS.-The Flag Imbroglio.-Major-general

Butler.-Causes of the Disaster.-Its Results and Consequences.-The Fate of the

Valley of the Mississippi......
..PAGE 291

CHAPTER XIII.

CONCLUSION.

Prospects of the War.-The Extremity of the South.-Lights and Shadows of the

Campaign in Virginia.—Jackson's Campaign in the Valley.-The Policy of Concen-

tration.-Sketch of the Battles around Richmond.-Effect of McClellan's Defeat upon

the North.-President Davis's congratulatory Order.-The War as a great Money

Job.-Note: Gen. Washington's Opinion of the Northern People.-Statement of the

Northern Finances.-Yankee Venom.-Gen. Pope's Military Orders.--Summary of

the War Legislation of the Northern Congress.-Retaliation on the part of the Con-

federacy.-The Cartel.-Prospects of European Interference.-English Statesmanship.

-Progress of the War in the West.-The Defence of Vicksburg.-Morgan's great

Raid. The Tennessee-Virginia Frontier.-A Glance at the Confederate Congress.-

Mr. Foote and the Cabinet.-The Campaign in Virginia again.-Rapid Movements

and famous March of the Southern Troops.-The signal Victory of the Thirtieth of

August on the Plains of Manassas.-Reflections on the War.-Some of its Character-

istics.-A Review of its Military Results.-Three Moral Benefits of the War.-Pros-

pects and Promises of the Future....

...PAGE 822

THE FIRST YEAR OF THE WAR.

CHAPTER I.

Delusive Ideas of the Union.-Administration of John Adams.-The "Strict Constructionists."-The "State Rights" Men in the North.-The Missouri Restriction.General Jackson and the Nullification Question.-The Compromise Measures of 1850. -History of the Anti-Slavery Party.-The "Pinckney Resolutions."-The Twentyfirst Rule.-The Abolitionists in the Presidential Canvass of 1852.-The KansasNebraska Bill.-The Rise and Growth of the Republican Party.-The Election of President Buchanan.-The Kansas Controversy.-" Lecompton" and "Anti-Lecompton."-Results of the Kansas Controversy.-The John Brown Raid. "Helper's Book."-Demoralization of the Northern Democratic Party.-The Faction of Stephen A. Douglas.-The Alabama Resolutions.-The Political Platforms of 1860.-Election of Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States.-Analysis of the Vote.-Political Condition of the North.-Secession of South Carolina.-Events in Charleston Harbor. -Disagreements in Mr. Buchanan's Cabinet.-The Secession Movement in Progress. -Peace Measures in Congress.-The Crittenden Resolutions.-The Peace Congress.Policy of the Border Slave States.-Organization of the Confederate States Government.-President Buchanan.-Incoming of the Administration of Abraham Lincoln. -Strength of the Revolution.

THE American people of the present generation were born in the belief that the Union of the States was destined to be perpetual. A few minds rose superior to this natal delusion; the early history of the Union itself was not without premonitions of decay and weakness; and yet it may be said that the belief in its permanency was, in the early part of the present generation, a popular and obstinate delusion, that embraced the masses of the country.

The foundations of this delusion had been deeply laid in the early history of the country, and had been sustained by a false, but ingenious prejudice. It was busily represented, especially by demagogues in the North, that the Union was the fruit of the Revolution of 1776, and had been purchased by the blood of our forefathers. No fallacy could have been more erroneous in fact, more insidious in its display, or more effective in ad