frequently repeated, will produce the desired effect.

Uniformity and steadiness in the rate at which machinery works are essential both for its success and duration.

The beautiful contrivance of Mr. Watt, who invented the governor of the steam-engine, must immediately occur to all who are familiar with that very admirable machine.

cataract, and depends on the time required to fill a vessel plunged in water, the valve through which the fluid is admitted being adjustable at the will of the engine man.

Scientific American.

THE

EFFECTS OF CAMPHOR ON TEETH. From attentive observations The regularity of the supply of fuel to of the teeth for several years, it has the fire under the boilers of steam- been ascertained that the use of dentriengines contributes to the uniformity of frices containing camphor renders them their rate, and also economises the con- brittle. Teeth allowed to remain in sumption of coal. Several patents chalk impregnated with camphor, for have been taken ont for methods of a few days, had the enamel very much regulating this supply. The general altered; placed in camphorated spirit principle is to make the engine supply they became very brittle; and, if exthe fire by means of a hopper, with posed to the fumes of camphor, a morsmall quantities of fuel at regular in- bid condition to a still greater extent tervals, and to diminish this supply supervened. A writer in the London when it works quickly. One of the Lancet states that seven tenths of the incidental advantages of this plan is, dentifrices now used contain more or that by throwing on a very small quan-less of this destroying agent. tity of coal at a time, the smoke is almost entirely consumed.

The dampers of ashpits and chimneys are in some cases connected with machines in order to regulate their speed.

TO MAKE GOOD COFFEE.--First procure the best coffee in the market, wash it very clean, and roast it to the color of golden brown, but not a deeper shade, Another contrivance for regulating by any means. Then take the whites of the effect of machinery consists in a three eggs to each pound of coffee, mix vane, or a fly of little weight but pre- very carefully with the coffee while senting a large surface. This revolves warm, and immediately transfer to rapidly, and soon acquires a uniform earthen vessels, tying them over with rate, which it cannot greatly exceed; bladders to render them air tight. because any addition to its velocity Take from these vessels sufficient cofproduces a much greater addition to fee for one making only at a time; the resistance which it meets with from grind it, place it in a fine muslin bag the air. The interval between the suspend it about midway in the pot, strokes on the bell of a clock is regu- turn on the boiling water, and put on lated by this means; and the fly is so the cover to prevent the escape of steam. contrived, that this interval may be al- By this mode the coffee will be very tered by presenting the arm of it more strong, but it is best to reduce it by the or less obliquely to the direction in addition of boiling hot milk, when it which they move. will form a most delicious beverage, very different, indeed, from that which is produced by boiling the ground coffee in water. And to be convinced of the fact, that, by the above method, which is simply infusion, all the vir tues of the coffee may be obtained, it is only to take the dregs left in the bag and boil them in water for a considerable time; the result will be, a black, bitter, nauseous feverish, woody extract,

This kind of fly, or vane, is generally used in the smaller pieces of mechanism, and, unlike the heavy fly, it is a destroyer of instead of a preserver of force. It is the regulator used in musical boxes, and in, almost all mechanical toys.

Another very beautiful contrivance for regulating the number of strokes made by a steam-engine, is called the

REMARKS ON WHEAT CUL-
TURE.

Mr. Pow's Address.

without a trace of the fine flavor of co-much later on an inferior soil, and suc fee, and answering to the name by which ceed well; but the fly is more destructive it was known on its first introduction to it than any other. The Mediterinto use, according to the account ranean wheat, so far as it is known to published in the eighth voluume of the me, resists the fly better than any other Harlean Miscellany," namely," the kind, and being about ten days earlier devil's black broth." The making of is not liable to rust; but it is much entea is by infusion, not decoction. dangered by late frosts in the spring, Whoever thinks of boiling. tea?- and it would be advisable, if it be rank Farmer's Cabinet. in the early part of March, to feed it off with sheep or calves. I greatly prefer the Rochester wheat to the Mediter ranean, on a wheat soil that is in good order. But it should never be sowed All lands with a subsoil impervi- on fields which heave out wheat much; ous to water, will heave out wheat or late in the season. It is highly im on the breaking up of winter. It is portant to sow wheat in good season, caused by the surface soil being sur-that it may have time to take deep root charged with water, which the night to resist heaving out, and I recommend frost congeals, forming an infinity of it to be done if your ground should be icy pillars raised two or three inches considered too wet. The succeeding above the surface, with the wheat winter will prevent its baking. But plants embodied with them, and torn the same practice would be very deleteup by the roots; the succeeding day rious in the spring. thaws the ice, and leaves the wheat on the surface to perish. Whenever wheat is much heaved out, it rarely escapes the rust, and the crop is either destroyed or greatly injured. The first object of the agriculturalist, in such soils especially, should be to draw off the surplus water. He will so plow the fields in lands, that the last furrow on being opened by the plow, after harrowing, will drain off the water. No water should stand on wheat fields. The spade and shovel should both be freely used. But after all this is done, he will find it only a partial preventive Sub-soil plowing would be in a few days, and I drove the mare highly beneficial in such cases, as that would give a greater depth for the water to sink from the surface. The subsoil plow is an important implement of the present age. But the most effectual, though it is the most expensive preventive, is under draining. All the superabundance of water can be readily discharged by under drains.

THE HORSE.-I will state a few things that I have learned, and they may be of benefit to your readers. A horse that is driven on hard roads is liable to get stiff in the joints. In 1833, I had an animal which, after driv. ing three or four days, got quite lame. An old Baltimore teamster told me to wash the mare's legs in a tolerable salt brine, which was done accordingly, three times a day, for the balance of the journey. The stiffness disappeared

1400 miles afterwards, and there was no more trouble on that account. What pleased me most was, the mare had a very poor foot to hold a shoe when I started; it was very brittle and hard; it would break out when a nail was put in; but it grew tougher at every shoeing. A blacksmith in New England remarked to me that her foot Early sowed wheat is less liable to had a singular appearance; where he freeze out than late, but it is more sub-pared it, it was soft and tough. I acject generally to the attacks of the fly. count for it in this way; salt will ex The Rochester wheat, called the white chaff bearded, requires to be sowed early-from the 1st of September till the 20th. The red chaff may be sowed

tract moisture from the atmosphere, which keeps the foot moist all the time; and salt has nearly the same effect that grease has on a rock or a piece of

ing in this way quite motionless. Only the dark bird of winter, the raven, still cleaves the icy air with slow and heavy wing, leaving behind him a long line of thin vapor, marking the track

timber. The drippings from salt on a floor, if continued long, cannot be got off; the wood becomes moist and tough, and so with a horse's foot. After washing the legs, turn up the horse's foot, clean the bottom, pour the hollow of his solitary flight. The influence of full of brine, and hold for a few minutes to soak the bottom. The practice of rasping the spot all over to toughen it, is abominable.

Farmer and Gardener.

A SIBERIAN WINTER.-The traveller in Siberia, during the winter, is so enveloped in furs that he can scarcely move; and under the thick fur hood,

the cold extends even to inanimate nature. The thickest trunks of trees are rent asunder with a loud sound, which, in these deserts, falls on the ear like a signal shot at sea; large masses of rock are torn from their ancient sites; the ground in the tundras and in the rocky fissures from which the waters, which valleys cracks, forming wide yawning were beneath the surface rise, giving off which is fastened to the bear-skin col-ately changed into ice. The effect of a cloud of vapor, and become immedi lar and covers the whole face, one can this degree of cold extends even beyond only draw in, as it were by stealth, a the earth. The beauty of the deep polittle of external air, which is so keen lar star, so often and so justly praised, that it causes a very peculiar and pain-disappears in the dense atmosphere ful feeling to the throat and lungs. which too intensity of cold produces. The distance from one halting place to The stars still glisten in the firmaanother takes about ten hours, during ment, but their brilliancy is dimmed. which time the traveller must always continue on horseback, as the cumbrous dress makes it unsupportable to

Travels in the North.

PLATES.

FIRST PLATE.

EVENING DRESS.-Robe of one of

wade through the snow. The poor hor- DESCRIPTION OF THE FASHION ses suffer at least as much as their riders, for besides the general effect of the cold, they are tormented by ice forming in their nostrils and stopping their breathing. When they intimate the new winter silks, a white ground, this by a distressed snort and a conwith a running pattern in blue flowers; vulsive shaking of the head, the dri- gerbes of larger flowers, in a deeper vers relieves them by taking out the shade of blue, encircle the bottom of pieces of ice, to save them from suffo. the skirt, mounting high-particularly cation. When the icy ground is not at the sides. Corsage Pompadour; cut covered by snow, their hoofs often very low round the top, long in the burst from the effect of the cold. The waist, and terminated by a deep, sharp caravan is always surrounded by a thick point. Short tight sleeve, finished by cloud of vapor; it is not only living two falls of Chantilly lace; the berthe bodies which produce this effect, but is a double fall of the same. even the snow smokes. These evapo- bon breast-knot; it is of the papillon rations are instantly changed into mil. form, with a brilliant ornament in the lions of needles of ice, which fill the centre. Head-dress of hair, arranged air, and cause a constant slight noise, à la Sevigné in small curls over the resembling the sound of torn satin or forehead, a profusion of long ringlets thick silk. Even the reindeer seeks at the sides, and a twisted band crownthe forest to protect himself from the ing the summit of the head. intensity of the cold. In the tundras, where there is no shelter to be found, PUBLIC PROMENADE DRESS.-Robe the whole herd crowd together as of soie broché, a red lilac ground, fig. close as posible to gain a little warmth ured in black; corsage Amazone. Demifrom each other, and may be seen stand pagoda sleeves, a three-quarter length;

SECOND PLATE.

Blue rib.

a

satin

HOME DRESS.-Rose-colored chapeau, very full trimmed on the ex terior and interior of the brim with rib high corsage, opening on the bosom bon to correspond. Grey cloth robe; with a short lappel lined with black; of the waist, terminating in a cleft bas it closes from the lappel to the bottom quine, the ends of which, also, lined attached by a fancy silk button. with black, are turned up in front and The front of the corsage is ornamented in black velvet ribbon; others much broadthe stomacher style by bands of narrow

they are terminated by a volant; em- with a tuft of foilage on each side; grey broidered muslin collars and ruffles. lilac brides. Green velvet pelisse, lined with silk of the same hue. The corsage, close fitting, very long in th waist, and with a small falling collar, is embroidered in relief with soie torse of a lighter shade. The embroidery extends on the front of the corsage in the form of a heart; it descends in the robing style down the fronts of the skirt, and turns in a broad border round the bottom, which is terminated by a deep and very rich fringe. Pagoda sleeves, of moderate size, also embroidered. White velours épingle chapeau, a moderately open shape; the brim, bordered with grey lilac ribbon and lined with white er are disposed on the front of the satin, is trimmed in the interior, at the skirt, in the form of a broken Sleeves a three-quarter length, over sides, with green velvet leaves embedded in the folds of the lining, and on muslin ones; they are moderately wide the exterior with bands of grey lilac at the bottom, with cuffs turning up ribbon drawn full, and a white flower, rather high, and bordered with black velvet. Embroidered muslin collar.

cone.

TO OUR PATRONS.

Owing to causes quite beyond our control, incidental to preparing a new printing establishment, and to delays occasioned from obstruction of the nav igation by ice, the publication of the first number of our magazine has beerr kept back more than a month. Desirous however of commencing and termi nating each volume with the year, we shall, for a few numbers to come, issue them as fast as we can, until the proper date is reached; trusting that our pa trons will agree with us as to the propriety of the arrangement, which will merely have the effect of crowding matters a little at first. It can hardly be expected that in a new enterprize like this, the machinery will run with per fect smoothness until experimented upon somewhat; but we think we can assure all, that hereafter no delays will occur, but that every thing will be so guarded, as to insure due promptness. For the patience manifested at the delay, and for the warm interest exhibited in regard to our enterprize, our pa trons and friends will please accept our most earnest thanks; and we beg leave to assure them, that since we are at length in the field, nothing shall be wanting on our part to make the South-Western Monthly all they can wish. The type upon which it is printed are entirely new, have been cast especially for the work, by Messrs. Guilford & Jones, of Cincinnati, and cannot but please our readers, from the clearness and elegance of the print. The plates, too, are of the finest steel, and are furnished us by one of the most eminent in his line of art; and nothing, in short, has been omitted to make the work as attractive as possible.

some.

With the promise of contributions from some of the most able gentlemen in the South West, we shall as we have leisure to make use of our advant ages, aim to make our magazine thoroughly useful, as well as elegant; thing in which all may find matter suited to their different tastes; and we trust it will be no fault of ours, so far as earnest effort is concerned, if, for long years to come, the intercourse between our readers and ourselves is not of the most pleasant character.