portant as the influence of the Fornari- meal at all. He was under the necesna little understood as it may seem to sity of borrowing small sums, and even have been on the mind of Raphael, worn-out clothes, from his acquainthow know we what we owe to her im- ances! He and his brother Louis, afpassioned and devoted mind. How terwards king of Holland, had at one fortunate, too, for the world was it that time only one coat between them, so the wife and children of Correggio were the brothers could only go out alterbeautiful; for what lofty intelligence, nately, turn and turn about. At this when unsustained by the passions of crisis the chief benefactor of the future earth, breathes through the spirit of emperor and conqueror "at whose beauty. To inspire, to solace, to appreciate, is as much the province of Genius as the handling of the chisel or the mastery of the lyre.

The

quet-the friendship of a poor actor the homage and terror of the worldan exile and a prisoner--such are the ups and downs of this changeable life, such the lights and shadows of the great and mighty.

mighty name the world grew pale," was the actor Talma, who often gave him food and money. Napoleon's face, afterward so famed for its classic mould, was during this period of starvation, harsh and angular in its lineaments, IRASCIBILITY OF TEMPER.--The with projecting cheek bones. greatest plague in life is a bad temper. threadbare habiliment, the imperial It is great waste of time to complain of mantle-the hovel and the palaceother people's; the best thing is to the meagre food and the gorgeous banamend our own; and the next best quality is to learn to bear with what we meet in others. A bad temper will always tire itself out if it find no one to resent it; and this very knowledge is worth a trifle. Irascibility is very injurious to health; and so, in fact is every morbid indulgence of our inferior nature-low spirits, melancholy, diffi-nothing more certain, than the different There is nothing more strange, but dence, disinclination for ordinary du- influence which the season of night and ties, discontent, fretfulness, even down day exercise upon the moods of our to mental lassitude, indolence, or de- minds.-Him whom the moon sends to spair-are very inimical to enjoyment bed with a head full of misty meaning, of life; and every possible effort should the sun will summon in the morning be made to cast them all to the winds, with a brain clear and lucid as his and look unblushingly into the truth of beams. Twilight makes us pensive; the fact. It is astonishing what a little Aurora is the goddess of activity. Dereflection will do the fears are mostly spair curses at midnight; Hope blesses imaginary, and with one dash of resolu tion may all be overcome.

at noon.-D'Israeli.

It is in the varieties of creation and the constant changes of the world's life, that the grand harmony of the whole consist. Let the tone of an instrument be ever so sweet, what effect would it produce upon the ear, if it had but one note! How poor is a concert with but two or three instruments? But in the succession and combination of many notes and many tones, how grand, how beautiful, is the melodious

EARLY DAYS OF NAPOLEON.-Thiers, in his History of the Consulate, relates some very strange and previously unknown particulars respecting the early life and penury of Napoleon Bonaparte. It appears that after he had obtained a subaltern's commission in the French service, and after he had done the State good service by his skill and daring at Toulon, he lived for some time in obscure lodgings and in such extreme harmony! Skies ever blue, and paspoverty that he was often without the tures ever green, would become very means of paying ten sous for his din dull and wearisome, notwithstanding ner, and frequently went without any all the verses of pastoral poets.

CHEMISTRY FOR GIRLS.

BY E. THOMPSON, M. D.

labelled "salts of lemon," and making a solution of this, he drinks it freely. SƆMETHING THAT EVERY WOMAN SHOULD READ. Presently he feels distress, sends for This is properly styled a utilitarian his wife, and ascertains that he has age, for the inquiry, "What profit?" drank a solution of oxalic acid, which meets us everywhere. It has entered she has procured to take stains from the temples of learning, and attempt-linen. The physician is sent for; but ed to thrust out important studies, be- the unavoidable delay attending his ar cause their immediate connection with rival is fatal. When he arrives, perhaps, hard money profits cannot be demon he sees upon the very table on which strated. There is one spot, however, the weeping widow bows her head, a into which it has not so generally in- piece of chalk, which, if given in time, truded itself the female academy-would have certainly prevented any the last refuge of the fine arts and fine mischief from the poison. follies. Thither young ladies are too Corrosive sublimate is the article frequently sent, merely to learn how to generally used to destroy the vermin dress tastefully and walk gracefully, which sometimes infest our couches. play, write French, and make waxen A solution of it is laid upon the floor plumes and silken spiders-all pretty, in a tea-cup, when the domestics but why not inquire, "What profit?" go down to dine, leaving the children I take my pen, not to utter a disser-up stairs to play; the infant crawls to tation on female education, but to in- the tea-cup, and drinks. Now, what sist that young ladies be taught chemis- think you would be the mother's joy, try. They will thereby be better qualif, having studied chemistry, she inified to superintend domestic affairs, stantly called to recollection the well as guard against many accidents to which certained fact, that there is in the hen's households are subject, and perhaps be nest an antidote to this poison. She instrumental in saving life. We illus-sends for some eggs, and breaking them, trate the last remark by reference mere-administers the whites. Her child rely to toxicology. covers, and she weeps for joy. Talk The strong acids, such as nitric, mu- to her of novels-one little book of nariatic, and sulphuric, are virulent poi-tural science has been worth, to her, sons, yet frequently needed in medi- more than all the novels in the world. cine, and the mechanic arts. Suppose Physicians in the country rarely car. a child, in his rambles among the neigh-ry scales with them to weigh their prebors, should enter a cabinet shop, and scriptions. They administer medicines find a saucer of aqua fortis (nitric by guess, from a teaspoon or the point acid) upon the work bench, and, in his of a knife. Suppose a common case. sport, seize and drink a portion of it. A physician in a hurry leaves an overHe is conveyed home in great agony. dose of tartar-emetic, (generally the The physician is sent for, but ere he first prescription in cases of bilious fev arrives, the child is a corpse. Now, as er,) and pursues his way to another pathe mother presses the cold clay to her tient, ten miles distant. The medicine breast and lips for the last time, how is duly administered, and the man is will her anguish be aggravated to know poisoned. When the case becomes that in her medicine chest, or drawer, alarming, one messenger is despatched was some calcined magnesia, which, if for the doctor, and another to call in the timely administered, would have saved neighbors to see the sufferer. Now her lovely, perchance her first and only there is, in a canister in the cupboard, boy. O, what are all the boquets and and on a tree that grows by the door, fine dresses in the world to her, com- a remedy for this distress and alarm-a pared with such knowledge? sure means of saving the sick man from threatened death. A strong decoction of young hyson tea, oak bark, or any other astringent vegetable, will change tartar emetic into a harmless compound.

Take another case. A husband returning home, on a summer afternoon, desires some acidulous drinks. Opening a cupboard, he sees a small box,

Vessels of copper often give rise to without the body, should be hushed inpoisoning. Though this metal under- to profound repose during the accomgoes but little change in a dry atmos- plishment of this mighty wonder, in phere, it is rusted if moisture be pre-order that nothing might disturb or insent, and its surface becomes covered terfere with the exquisite and miracuwith a green substance-carbonate or lous process employed to effect it. To the proxide of copper, a poisonous com- this end, the portals of sensation are pound. It has sometimes happened, that closed-the eye sees not--the ear hears a mother has, for want of knowledge, not--the skin feels not the very poisoned her family. Sour-krout, when breathing is scarcely audible-the pul permitted to stand for some time in a sations of the heart scarcely percepticopper vessel,, has produced death in a ble: all the living energies are now confew hours. Cooks sometimes permit centrated. into the greatest possible inpickles to remain in copper vessels, that tensity, like rays of light into a focus, they may acquire a rich green color, and directed, with almost complete which they do by absorbing poison. exclusiveness, towards this simple object.

Families may have often been thrown into disease by eating such dainties, In the day, therefore, we make blood; and may have died, in some instances, in the night, that blood is converted inwithout suspecting the cause. That la- to solid matter. In the day, we garner dy has certainly some reason to con- up building materials; in the night, we gratulate herself upon her education, repair the building. The hour of rising, if, under such circumstances, she knows therefore, ought to be at the time our that pickles rendered green by verdigris physical strength is the greatest; and are poisonous, and that the white of an with perfectly healthy persons this is egg is an antidote. the case. The languor which sickly persons feel in the morning arises from the process of repair not having been fully accomplished; the old building has not been repaired, and therefore its strength has not been restored. The apparent additional strength which is felt, during the day, after eating, is only apparent; it is merely excitement derived from the stimulus of food: in the first instance in the stomach; and, after the food has been assimilated, of new blood in the system.

Illustrations might be multiplied, but our space forbids. Enough has been shown, we hope, to convince the utilitarian that a knowledge of chemistry is an important element in the education of the female sex; that without it they are imperfectly qualified for the duties devolving upon them in the domestic relation, and poorly prepared to meet its emergencies.

SLEEP AND ITS USES. SOLIDIFICATION-that is, the conversion of blood into the solid parts of the body-goes on only during sleep. The chief end, indeed, and object and intention of sleep would seem to be this final assimilation of our food-this solidification of blood into the several parts of the body.

The accomplishment of this miraculous change seems to have required the perfect concentration of all the energies of the system upon itself. It seems to have required that the attention (if I may speak so) of the brain and nervous system should not be distracted by any other object. It seems to have required that every thing both within and

From all this, we learn two impor tant truths; first, that we should take our severest exercises in the early part of the day; secondly, we learn how and why late suppers are improper. When you retire to bed with a full stomach, before the process of solidification can commence, the food which the stomach contains must be assimilated. The two operations of solidification and assimilation of food into blood cannot go on together; because, as I have just shown you, the process of solidification requires the concentration of ALL the living energies for its accomplishment. The commencement of this process, therefore must be postponed until the assimilation of the supper to blood has

been completed. But all the living thrown closely into a heap, gives out energies, except that of solidification heat and becomes of a dark color. are diminished in intensity during sleep. When a vegetable mass is excluded from The secretion of gastric and other juices, the air, and subjected to great pressure, therefore, necessary for assimilation of a bituminous fermentation is produced the supper to blood will go on but and the result is the mineral coal, which slowly, and the completion of the pro- is of various characters, according as cess will be exceedingly protracted; the mass has been originally interand, thus, so much of the season mingled with clay or other earthly im of sleep will be employed in the purities. On account of the change assimilation of food, that a suf-effected by mineralization, it is difficult ficient portion of it will not be left for to detect in coal the traces of vegetable the assimilation of blood. But this is structure; but these can be made clear not all the mischief; for the process of in all except the highly bituminous assimilation of the supper into blood caking coal, by cutting or polishing it has not only abstracted from the pro- down into thin or transparent slices, cess of solidification a portion of the when the microscope shows the fibres season (the season of sleep) which and cells very plainly. From distinct ought to have been exclusively devoted insulated specimens found in the sandto its own accomplishment, but it has stones amidst the coal beds, we discover also robbed it of a portion of its ener- the nature of the plants of this era. gies, the whole of which was due to They are almost all of a simple cellular itself; viz., that portion which has structure, and such as exist with us in been consumed in the secretion of those small forms (horse tails, club mooses, juices necessary for the conversion of and fenns) but advanced to an enormous the supper into blood. When, there- magnitude. The species are long since fore, the hour of rising arrives, it finds extinct. The vegetation generally is the body still unprepared and unrefresh- such as now grows in clusters of tropied; and the individual still overpower- cal islands; but it must have been the reed with sleep, and disinclined to rise. sult of a high temperature obtained otherwise than that of the tropical regions now is, for the coal strata are found in the temperate; and even in the polar regions. "The conclusion, therefore to which most geologists have arrived is, that the earth origin ally an incandescent mass, was gradually cooled down, until in the Carboniferous period it fostered a growth of terrestial vegetation all over its surface, to which the existing jungles of the tropics are mere barrenness in comparison. The high and uniform temperature, combined with a greater proportion of carbonic acid gas in the manufacture, could not only sustain a gigantic and prolific vegetation, but would also create dense

Johnson.

HOW COAL WAS MADE. Geology has shown that, at one period, there existed an enormously abundant land vegetation, the ruins of rub. bish of which, carried into seas, and then sunk to the bottom, and afterwards covered over by sand and mud beds, become the substance which we now recognize as coal. This was a natural transaction of vast importance to us, seeing how much utility we find in using coal, both for warming our dwellings and for various manufactures, as well as the production of steam, by which so great a mechanical power is vapors, showers and rains; and these generated. It may naturally excite surprise that the vegetable remains should have so completely changed their apparent character, and become black. But this can be explained by chemistry; and part of the marvel becomes clear to the simplest understanding when we recall the familiar fact that damp hay,]

again gigantic rivers, periodical inun dations, and deltas. Thus all the conditions for extensive deposits of wood, in estuaries would arise from this high temperature; and every circumstance connected with the coal measures points to such conditions."