319 f.

Crisis, Paine's pamphlet, 150.
Critical period, 177.
Cromwell, Oliver, 45.

Crown, as organ of colonial administra-
tion in eighteenth century, 92 f.
Crown Point, captured, 143.
Crusades, 1.

ences between Virginia and New Jer- Creek Indians, 199; in War of 1812,
sey plans secondary, 210 f.; conflict
over equal suffrage of states, 211 f.;
the "great" compromise, 212; prob-
lem of apportionment and three-fifths
compromise, 213; problem of execu-
tive, 213; provision for federal aid to
states, 214; committee of detail,
214; omissions in completed Con-
stitution, 215; aristocracy of Con-
stitution, 215; attitude of Convention
towards West, 216; theories of fram-
ers, 217; closing scenes, 217 f.
Cooper, James Fennimore, 345.
Cooper, Dr. Thomas, trial of, under
Sedition Act, 263; leader of anti-
tariff agitation, 388.

Coronado, Francisco, explorations of, 6.
Cornwallis, Lord, in New Jersey, 149;
in campaigns in South, 158; sur-
render of, 160.

Cortez, Hernando, conquers Mexico, 5.
Corwin, E. S., as author, 166, 346.
Cotton, spread of cultivation of, 348; de-
pression of industry in old South, 383.
Cotton, John, pastor at Boston, aristo-
cratic ideas, 28; intolerance, 33.
Country life at end of colonial era, 72 f.;
in New England: natural conditions,
73; the town, 73; homes and furni-
ture, 73; products, 73; social life,
74; immigration, 74; roads, 74; in
middle colonies: farms of Germans,
75; in South: lack of towns, 75;
country stores, 75; the plantation
house, 75; plantation economy, 76;
hospitality, 76; intellectual life, 76;|
amusements, 77.
County, in Virginia, 40.
Coureurs de bois. See Wood Rangers.
Courts, federal, organized, 228; Re-
publican attack on, 276 f.; great
decisions, 341 f.; Jefferson denounces
Supreme Court, 384.
"Covenanters," in Scotland, 31.
Cowpens, battle of, 159.

Crawford, William H., rival of Monroe,
1816, 391; appointed Secretary of
Treasury, 391; presidential candi-
date, 392 f.; paralysis, 394.

Cuba, colonization by Spain, 5; ex-
changed for Florida, 1763, 112; early
interest of U. S. in, 361, 363, 364;
involved in Panama Congress, 366 f.
Culloden, battle of, 89. !

Cumberland Gap, 118, 155, 186.
Cumberland Road, begun, 338; prog-
ress, 384 f.; veto of toll bill, 385.
Currency, Act of 1764, 121; discussion
of economics of paper money, 181; is-
sues of Second Continental Congress,
181 f.; notes of Bank of North Amer-
ica, 183; demand for more paper,
183; influence of First U. S. Bank,
232; conditions at close of War of
1812, 333 f.; Second U. S. Bank and
resumption of specie payments, 335.
Cushing, H. A., as author, 176.
Cutler, Manasseh, 192.

Dallas, Alexander J., opinion of Arm-
strong, 319; Secretary of Treasury,
335.
Dartmouth College vs. Woodward, 343.
Davie, William R., commissioner to
France, 261.

Davis, Jefferson, 349.

Dayton, Ohio, early history, 244.
Deane, Silas, envoy in France, 151.
Dearborn, General Henry, Secretary
of War, 273; movement in campaign
of 1812, 317 f.; replaced, 320.
Debt, public, amount at close of Revo-
lution, 200; certificates of, 200 f.;
Hamilton's funding plan, 230; Genêt
desires advances on debt due France,
249; reduction under Gallatin, 275,
313; war loans, 1812, 316.

Debts, British, in peace negotiations,
1782, 164; settled by Jay's treaty,
252.

Creditor class, in Confederation period, Debts, state, assumed by Federal Gov-
184 f.

ernment, 230 f.

Debtor class, discontent of, during Con- | Doyle, John A., as author, 20, 37.

federation period, 183; Shays' Re-
bellion, 185.

Declaration of the Causes and Necessity

of Taking up Arms, 141.

Declaration of Independence. See In- Dunmore, Lord, governor of Virginia,

war

chinery of crown administration of
colonies, 92 f.; features of colonial
policy, 93 f.; limits of British control,
94 f.; temptation to imitate France,
95; plans of union, 95; conflict of
English and American views, 96;
rivalry with France, 102 f.; inter-
colonial wars, 106 f.; Peace of Paris,
112; problems following peace, 112 f.;
organization of conquered territories,
114; vacillating policies, 117;
with Dutch, 1781, 159; recognizes
independence of U. S., 161; desires
to regain friendship of U. S., 162; re-
fuses to make commercial treaty with
U. S., 178; at war with France, 247;
questions at issue with U. S., 249 f.;
maritime code, 250; Congress con-
siders embargo against, 251; Jay's
treaty, 252; relaxation of code, 253;
treatment of liberals, 261; renews
war with France, 293; violations
of neutral commerce, 294 f.; draft
treaty of 1806, 295; negotiations on
"Leopard-Chesapeake " affair, 296 f.;
missions of Erskine and Jackson, 303;
effects of non-intercourse, 303; re-
stores men to Chesapeake, 308; re-
fuses to recall Orders in Council, 308; | Federalists, origin of name, 218; tac-

Europe, in fifteenth century, 1; ex-

pansion, 1 f.; relations with Asia, 2 f.
Eustis, William, Secretary of War, 315.
Excise, recommended by Hamilton, 232,
233; revolt of West, 234; repealed
by Republicans, 275.
Expansion of Europe, I f.
Expatriation, right of, denied by Eng-
land, 251.

Explorations, Spanish, 5 f.; French, 9,
100 f.; English, 9; by Virginians,
42; by Pennsylvanians, 59; of Far
West, 289 f., 354.

Exposition of 1828, analysis, 389;
adopted, 390.

revokes, 310; War of 1812, 311 f.; sur-
prise at naval victories of U. S., 325;
treaty of Ghent, 326 f.; uneasy over
American manufactures, 336; "joint
occupation" agreement, 355; boun-
dary agreement of 1818, 355; protests
against occupation of West Florida,
356; uses Florida as war base, 357;
proposes joint declaration against Holy
Alliance, 363. See War of 1812.
Entail, Virginia law of, repealed, 131.
Enumerated products, 82; list extended,

Factory system, in England, 177.
Fallen Timbers, battle of, 244.
Falls of the Ohio (Louisville), 186.
Family Compact, 106.

Farrand, Max, cited, 206 n.; as author,
223.

Far West, exploration of, 289 f., 354.
Fauchet, Jean, French minister in U. S.,

249.

Faust, A. B., as author, 81.
"Federal Hall," 226.
Federalist," 221 f.

66

tics in ratifying conventions, 218 f.;
control First Congress, 224; party
led by Hamilton, 235; Federalists
pro-British, 247; oppose commercial
restriction, 1794, 251; dissatisfaction
with Jay's treaty, 253; successes in
administering government, 253 f.; fac-
tional division, 255, 266; split on
French relations, 258 f.; pass Alien
and Sedition laws, 261 f.; in cam-
paign of 1800, 266 f.; favor Burr in
House election, 1801, 268; summary
of services, 269; reasons for decline,
269 f.; opposition to purchase of
Louisiana, 286; secession plot, 286 f.;
gains in 1808, 301; oppose War of
1812, 314; hope for British conquest
of Louisiana, 324; comments on
Hartford Convention, 329 f.; adopt
states' rights, 332; vote against
"Bonus Bill," 341; disappearance of,

390 f.
Ferdinand VII, of Spain, 361.

Ferguson, Major Patrick, at King's | Foster, John W., as author, 166, 202,
Mountain, 158.

270.

Finances, in Confederation period, 200 f. Fox, Charles James, in ministry, 1781,
See Debt; Hamilton; Gallatin.
160; negotiations with Monroe, 294 f. ;
First Continental Congress. See Con- "Fox's Order," 294; death, 295.
tinental Congress.
Fox Indians, 103.

Fish, Carl R., as author, 166, 202, 270, "Fox's Order," 1806, 294; pretext for
"Continental System," 298.

292.

Fisher, Sydney G., as author, 56, 140, France, conditions in, in age of discovery,
166.

Fisheries, northeastern, rights in, de-
manded by U. S., 161; rights recog-
nized in 1783, 163; issue in negotia-
tions at Ghent, 327 f. and n.
Fiske, John, as author, 19, 20, 37, 55,
118, 140, 202, 223; quoted, 153.
Five per cent amendment, 201.
Fletcher vs. Peck, 342.

Flint, Timothy, quoted, 369 n.
Flint River, in treaty of Versailles, 163.
Florida, ceded to England, 1763, 12;
provinces of East and West Florida
organized, 114; ceded to Spain, 1783,
165; boundary dispute settled, 243;
pressure of U. S. on boundary, 352;
situation during War of 1812, and
after, 356 f.; Jackson's invasion, 358;
ceded to U. S., 359. See West Flor-
ida; East Florida.

Forbes, General John, captures Fort
Duquesne, III.

Ford, Henry Jones, as author, 81, 241.
Ford, Paul L., as author, 241.
Forks of the Ohio, 186.

Fort Chartres, 103.

Fort Duquesne, erected, 109; captured
by English, III.

Fort Frontenac, 104; captured by
English, 111.

Fort Harmar, 193.

Fort Meigs, attack on, repulsed, 319.
Fort Mims, massacre of, 319.
Fort Niagara, 105.

Fort Orange, built by Dutch, 46.

Fort Pitt, erected, III.

Fort St. Louis, founded by La Salle, 103.
Fort Stanwix, treaty of, 116; attacked
by St. Leger, 150.

Fort Stephenson, attacked by British,
319.

9; explorations in St. Lawrence basin,
9; North American empire of, 99 f.;
rivalry with England, 101; govern-
ment of colonies, 104; intercolonial
wars, 104 f.; treaty of Paris, 112;
aids U. S. in Revolution, 147; makes
alliance with U. S., 151; alliance with
Spain, 152; resumes navigation sys-
tem, 179; creditor of U. S., 200; Rev-
olution of 1789, 246 f.; relations
with U. S. under Washington, 247 f.;
cabinet discussion of, 247; seizes
American vessels, 251; welcomes
Monroe, 257; severs diplomatic rela-
tions, 258; rebuffs Pinckney, 258;
X Y Z affair, 259; preparations for
war with, 260; Naval War of 1798,
260; treaty of 1800, 261; renews war
with England, 293; Louisiana Pur-
chase treaty, 285; thinks England
yielding, 303; provocation of U. S.,
312. See Napoleon.
Franchise. See Voting.

Franklin, Benjamin, drafts Albany Plan,
60; founder of Library Association
of Philadelphia, 71; agent of Pennsyl-
vania and other colonies in England,
94; represents Vandalia Company,
116; gives House of Commons his
opinion on taxation, 124; condemns
"Tea Party," 132; on independence,
141; on committee to draft Decla-
ration, 145; anger at Loyalists, 147;
agent of U. S. in France, 151; on
peace commission, 1781, 161; defends
course of commissioners, 165; sub-
mits new plan of union, 170; on rise of
real estate, 180; member of Federal
Convention, 205; comment on Al-
bany Plan, 207 n.; proposes com-
promise, 212.

Foster, A. J., British minister in U. S., Franklin, state of, 198.

308.

"Free ships make free goods," 159.