me, I would readily enough have complied with the summons, notwithstanding the learned in the law call it indiscreet to mix up in family affairs, and occasions are not unknown here on which people have been summoned and detained by a police office.

That I desire to reside here under the name of foreigner, that I may evade the landwehr service, is also as untrue and unfounded. I wish to remain here scarcely 4 months longer; and, thereafter, I hopefully look forward not any more to need your protection in this country. Also, yonder in America, can the time of my citizen's rights be settled and decided by competent persons, as important and not to be disturbed, so that I can, according to my oath taken, enjoy all the rights I have claim to, with that, also, of voting.

That in Prussia only one passport signed by the Government in Washington is sufficient, was unknown to the person who issued my passport, as well as the Prussian Consul who in good faith visaed it as the legitimate pass of an American citizen. Upon this I have made this unlucky journey, and upon this I maintain that I deserve all protection, notwithstanding all denials and intrigues.

Should your Excellency, notwithstanding all this, not be in position to secure me liberty to be busy here, yet a few months, this may, at least, give you a different idea of my character.

With the assurance that this letter rests on truth and justice, I remain, &c.

D. D. Barnard, Esq.

H. V. DE SANDT.

P.S. For better faith in the foregoing language, I send, herewith, literal copies :

1. My passport, with the verification by the Prussian Consul at St. Louis.

2. My oath of declaration.

3. My permit to emigrate.

4. My lately received order from the Landrath of Cleves, the original whereof is with my father, H. V. de Sandt, of Bremen, where it can be seen, and to whom you may send answer.

H. V. DE SANDT.

(Inclosure 2.)-Mr. Barnard to Mr. Sandt.

SIR, Berlin, June 17, 1851. YOUR letter of the 9th instant has been received, and I lose no time in giving you such counsel in reply to it as your case and the positions you assume seem to demand.

Your letter and the inclosures disclose certain facts which should be noted.

In the first place, if you were a citizen of The United States already naturalized, your passport is an invalid one. A mayor of a

city in The United States cannot grant a valid passport. It must come from the authority of the general Government, and not from any State or city authority. With the visa of the Prussian Consul, your passport proved to be sufficient to enable you to get into the country; but it was not one on which you could rely to protect you in a residence here.

But in the next place, you are not yet a citizen of The United States. Declaring your intention to become a citizen does not make you a citizen. This intention was declared so late as March, 1850, and the time required by law for your admission to citizenship after that declaration is very far short of having been accomplished.

When you ceased to be a citizen of Prussia by your permit of emigration and became a resident in The United States, the laws and Government of that country became your protection so long as that residence continued. When, however, you quitted your residence there before perfecting your naturalization, and again took up your abode in Prussia, for your own purposes, your condition was a peculiar one, and required from you a peculiar and very discreet line of conduct. It was impossible for the American Legation here to claim you as an American citizen; though, as a resident of The United States, who had taken the first steps in good faith to become a citizen, and whom we should hope one day to see in the full enjoyment of citizenship in that country, we might have asked, and would very gladly have been instrumental in procuring for you, the free permission of the Government of Prussia to remain here for any reasonable time required by your business or your convenience.

The error in your case has been in claiming to be an American citizen, and in insisting on the right to remain here as such without declaring your object or business or the time of your proposed stay. I am quite persuaded, if you had presented yourself voluntarily or promptly, on being required to do so, before the proper authority or officer of the locality, and had laid frankly before him the exact truth of the case-your position as a resident of The United States, intending to become a citizen, the business or objects which had brought you back to your old home, and the probable time of your necessary stay-that on satisfying such authority or officer of the sincerity and truth of your declarations, you would not have been disturbed.

Perhaps it is not too late yet. If it is still desirable to you to remain, I should advise you to try what a frank exposition of your case before the burgomaster or landrath might be able to effect for you. But you should avoid any spirit of demand or of controversy. State exactly your position as it has now been laid down to you from this Legation; state exactly wherein you have been mistaken,

and ask permission, as a matter of favour and courtesy, to remain where you are till you can accomplish the business which brought you back to Prussia.

If you will put yourself on the ground here indicated, and respectfully ask to be permitted to remain in the country for the completion of the lawful objects which brought you here, I should hope that such permission might still be granted to you. I regret very much the inconvenient position in which you find yourself, and am very desirous of being of service to you by the information and advice which I give you. Yours, &c. Mr. Von de Sandt.

(Extract.)

D. D. BARNARD.

No. 5.-Mr. Barnard to Mr. Webster.

Berlin, July 29, 1851.

I HAVE the honour to inclose to you copies of correspondence, as follows:

A letter from Mr. Bates to me, of the 19th July, with the inclosure, being a letter from a Mr. Brand, claiming to be an American citizen, and who is imprisoned at Coblentz; my letter to Mr. Bates, of the 22nd July, on this subject; a letter from Mr. Bates to me, of the 25th July, referring, in the conclusion, to the case of Mr. Brand, but chiefly relating to the detention of Mr. Thomas N. Dale, an American citizen at Aix-la-Chapelle, on the old ground of the want of a Prussian visa to his passport; my answer to Mr. Bates, of the 28th instant; and my note to the Minister of Foreign Affairs on the question of passports, of the same date.

My letter to Mr. Bates, last referred to, together with my note to the Minister, will show what action I have taken in regard to the difficulty which it seems is still sometimes made by an overzealous police about American passports. I have the strongest assurances that steps shall be taken to correct the evil.

In regard to the case of Mr. Brand, it will be seen by Mr. Bates's letter of the 25th instant that he had, up to that day, received no further information from Mr. Brand, and that he had written to the legal officer of the King, at Coblentz, on the subject.

In a personal interview which I had yesterday with Mr. Le Coq, the Under-Secretary of State (the Minister being absent), I presented the case of Mr. Brand to his notice, as far as I had information on the subject, with an earnest, though friendly, appeal in behalf of this person, if it should appear that he was an American citizen and had not been guilty of any real crime. I was met, on the part of Mr. Le Coq, with the most friendly assurances. I have handed him a copy of Mr. Brand's letter. I have great confidence that if Mr. Brand is not at once released from his confinement by the local authorities at Mr. Bates's instance, he will be released as.

soon as the Government here can inform itself of the facts, provided the case is one which may admit of its favourable interposition. Whatever facts or information may be received from Mr. Bates will be promptly laid before the Minister.

My desire being first of all to procure this man's release, if that be possible, and knowing very well how a formal correspondence (at least, it would be so here), tends to defeat the object where one wishes to reach a particular object in the shortest time, I have purposely avoided that course in this case. In the end a correspondence may be resorted to, if the case, when all the facts shall be disclosed, seems to require it, whether the man be released or

not.

Hon. D. Webster.

SIR,

D. D. BARNARD.

(Inclosure 1.)-Mr. Bates to Mr. Barnard.

Aix-la-Chapelle, July 19, 1851.

I HAVE just received the letter from Coblentz, a copy of which is inclosed herein. I have replied, acknowledging its receipt, and requesting the writer to send me his passport, if possible, and to state when he first went to The United States, how long he remained there, and when and where he was naturalized.

If he turns out to be an "American citizen," what shall I do in the matter? Very respectfully, &c.

D. D. Barnard, Esq.

J. C. BATES.

(Inclosure 2.)-Mr. Brand to Mr. Bates.

(Translation.) Coblentz, July 16, 1851. On the 16th April, last year, I took from the authorities of New York a passport, and also an authenticated copy of my naturalization certificate. On the next day, the 17th, I sailed from New York, and in 51 days came by sailing vessel to London. There I stopped a while; made a visit on business to Ireland, thence back to England, where I remained some months; and then, partly on business, partly on family matters, travelled to Germany. Nearly 5 weeks I was in the neighbourhood around Coblentz, and on the third day of my being here, at 11 o'clock at night, I was sought at my dwelling by a police serjeant, asking for my papers, which I showed him, the which he could not read, being written in English, so he took me with him to the guard-house.

Arrived here, all my effects were examined, one travelling bag, 15 dollars, 4 rings, and some body linen besides, taken, whilst the rest which I had gathered in my travels I had forwarded to Liverpool. The day after the arrest I was carried before the police authorities for examination. I asked what was my offence. The

official answered me I had been guilty of the offence of sending off emigrants, which is forbidden by law there.

Thereupon I denounced this as the grossest untruth, and moreover called for proof; so I was remanded to confinement, and after 3 days taken before the public prosecutor, when not a word was said about the before-mentioned offence, but a commitment was made out for a term of 8 days, with a remark that vagrancy was charged; and in this way was I robbed of my liberty, despite of my papers and passport.

In no respect have I been shown to be an offender or culprit, as has now been said.

I assert that I cannot understand the reason of this proceeding against me, and I make humble petition to your Excellency as guardian and upholder of our laws, promptly to effect my liberation from this disagreeable situation, and not only help me to the recovery of my lost liberty, but to follow up all the state of facts, and especially on the foundation of the American laws, which must protect me as a citizen of The United States in a foreign country, to take all proper steps in my behalf.

In the hope of early aid, I subscribe myself, &c. J. C. Bates, Esq.

(Extract.)

J. W. ED. BRAND.

(Inclosure 3.)-Mr. Barnard to Mr. Bates.

Berlin, July 22, 1851. I HAVE also received your letter of July 19, with an inclosure in reference to the arrest and imprisonment at Coblentz of a person claiming to be an American citizen. If this man is really innocent of any offence, his arrest and imprisonment is a great outrage; and if he is an American citizen, as well as an innocent man, upon the facts being made known to me, I should deem it my duty to make it the subject of a grave complaint to the Government.

But the first thing to be done is to get the man out of confinement, if that be possible. If you have received his passport and papers, you will know if he is a citizen of The United States. If you find he is so, I wish you would ask from the authorities at Coblentz for his immediate release from confinement, on the ground of his citizenship, and in case of refusal, that they would furnish you at once with the grounds of accusation against him, and of his imprisonment, in order that, being communicated to this legation, the matter may be laid before the Government at Berlin, or such action taken upon it as the case may seem to demand.

If nothing is laid to this man's charge other than what is alleged in his letter, there is certainly very insufficient ground for his imprisonment. If he is an agent soliciting emigration, for purposes of his own, or in behalf of others in whose employ he may be, or if he