Before that time, however, the Maryland Legislature had given to the Association of the Maryland Line the old arsenal at Pikesville, in Baltimore county, nine miles from Baltimore, with a liberal annual appropriation. The governors of the association appointed a Board of Lady Visitors, with Mrs. Johnson as president, and she forthwith organized them for their work. She divided them into committees, and assigned one committee for each month in the year, the visiting committee being responsible for the sanitation and food of the inmates.

Under this management and supervision the Soldiers' Home of Maryland has been conducted these twenty odd years, averaging more than 100 old soldiers, who are sheltered in its protecting care, who are fed, lodged, clothed, and cared for as no other old soldiers in this country are, North or South. The Home is Mrs. Johnson's

monument.

But she has left a larger, wider, more imperishable monument in the memory of her heroism, of her dauntless courage, of her great heart, cherished all over the States of the Confederacy.

BRADLEY T. JOHNSON.

MONUMENT DEDICATED.

The dedication of the monument to Mrs. Bradley T. Johnson was the leading feature of Memorial Day at Baltimore, June 6. The Baltimore Sun says of it:

The day was also the anniversary of the battle of Harrisonburg, where soldiers of the Maryland Line distinguished themselves. Mrs. Johnson's grave and the monument which now marks the spot were profusely decorated, red roses predominating. Over two thousand people gathered to assist in the exercises. The members of the Maryland Line, including about eighty veterans from the Soldiers' Home, at Pikesville, formed a line at the main entrance of the cemetery and marched to the lot, headed by the Fifth Regiment Veteran Corps Band, under the leadership of W. H. Pindell. Friends of the dead and members of the Daughters of the Confederacy had previously strewn flowers over all the graves.

Capt. G. W. Booth presided at the exercises, and read this appreciative sketch of Mrs. Johnson's life:

Again we are assembled in this beautiful city of the dead to testify our respect and veneration for the brave men whose last resting places fair hands have strewn with flowers, while in tearful contemplation we recall their heroic deeds and unflinching devotion to duty and principle.

"Forty years ago our country was torn with the dissensions incident to civil strife, and from the North went forth its hosts to battle for the Union, while the South gave up the very flower of its manhood, who responded to their conception of patriotic defense of home and fireside. This appeal to arms was followed by a conflict which has passed into history as one of the mightiest in deeds and in result ever chronicled. For four years was illustrated, as only American courage and devotion can illustrate, the valor of our people. The end came only when the material resources of the South were exhausted, its defenders reduced by the casualties of a protracted war, its ports in the hands of its antagonists, its fields devastated and unproductive, while the unlimited supplies of the North, with the markets of the world at command, were comparatively unaffected. The story of Appomattox, when the remnant of the once proud army of Northern Virginia yielded its eight thousand muskets to the encircling hosts of its persistent foe, speaks in no equivocal manner of the straits to which the Confederacy had been reduced.

The starry cross, the banner of Lee and Jackson, of Johnston and Beauregard, of Stuart, Hampton and Forrest, was laid away. Time is the great physician. The passions of the past have been measurably stilled, and out of a great evil and trial we can appropriate and secure lessons of good.

'While the cause of these dear comrades failed in the purpose for which they and we gave our best efforts and prayers, yet the memories of their valiant struggle, the gallantry and undaunted courage with which they asserted their manhood, the fortitude with which they endured privation and suffering, sanctify and illumine a principle which we then believed, and in the light of after years of sad experiences still believe, to have been the noblest to which man could dedicate his effort, and, if need be, surrender his life. From these silent graves comes forth in terms most eloquent the appeal to the young of our country to revere and cherish its fundamental laws, to respect the liberties of the people, and to maintain its institutions as a refuge for the oppressed and its mission as a protector against the oppressor.

But these fallen heroes are not alone in their

claim to our affection. The women of the South-whose tender care was lavished upon the sick and wounded; whose Spartan courage bade their sons, husbands, and lovers go forth to battle while they uncomplaining assumed the stern duty of providing for the household; who unflinchingly preserved under all conditions of adversity and trial, and even when their loved ones had fallen, abated not a jot in their steadfastness and loyalty, but whose every word and deed gave emphasis to the sentiment, Better an honored grave than a dishonored life'-to these daughters of our fair Southland we yield our grateful homage. To one of these we this day rear in enduring granite a mark of our loving remembrance, and place on record our appreciation of her eminent virtues and inestimable servicesJane Claudia Johnson."

"THE TRIALS AND TRIAL OF JEFFERSON DAVIS."

A Paper Read by Charles M. Blackford, of the Lynchburg

Bar,

BEFORE THE TENTH ANNUAL MEETING

Of the Virginia State Bar Association, Held at Old Point Comfort, Va.,
July 17-19, 1900.

Mr. President, Gentlemen of the Virginia State Bar Association,
Ladies and Gentlemen:

In the spring of 1865, the States and armies of the Southern Confederacy yielded to the overwhelming numbers of their adversaries and the failure of their own resources. The result was the surrender of a people whose constancy and whose heroic struggle had won the applause and admiration of the world, and will, in the far future, be the common boast of every American citizen.

Of the States which thus yielded to fate, President Jefferson Davis had been the representative and executive head. When the armies which had maintained his government were successively dissolved he was left defenceless. He was nearly sixty years of age, in feeble

"

health, and much worn with the mighty cares and anxieties which had rested upon him for four years.

On the 16th of April, 1865, as soon as he found that Johnston must surrender, he started with resolute will from Greensboro', N. C., with his family, staff, and some of his cabinet; his avowed object being to join the Confederate forces west of the Mississippi river.

His party was too large for the success of such an undertaking. He was tracked easily by Federal troopers, who, scattered over the States through which his line of march lay, were on the lookout for him; with what intent may be inferred from an order issued by command of General R. H. G. Minty, by F. W. Scott, Captain and Acting Assistant Adjutant-General. It was dated near Macon, Ga., on the 8th of May, 1865, and was addressed to Lieut.-Colonel H. N. Howland, commanding a brigade. The order says:

"You will have every port and ferry on the Ochmulgee and Altamaha rivers, from Hawkinsville to the Ohoopee river, well guarded, and make every effort to capture or kill Jefferson Davis, the rebel ex-President, who is supposed to be endeavoring to cross the Ochmulgee, south of Macon. (104 War of Rebellion, 665.)

On the 8th of May, Brevet Major-General J. H. Wilson wrote General Upton :

"The President of the United States has issued his proclamation announcing that the Bureau of Military Justice has reported, upon indisputable evidence, that Jefferson Davis, Clement C. Clay, Jacob Thompson, George N. Sanders, Beverley Tucker, and W. C. Cleary, incited and concerted the assassination of Mr. Lincoln, and the attempted assassination of Mr. Seward. He, therefore, offers for the arrest of Davis, Clay, and Thompson $100,000 each; for Sanders and Tucker, $25,000 each; and for Cleary, $10,000. Publish this in hand-bills, circulate everywhere, and urge the greatest possible activity in the pursuit." (104 War of Rebellion, 665.)

On the next day the same headquarters informs General McCook of these rewards—adding that a reward of $10,000 was also offered for "Extra Billy Smith, Rebel Governor of Virginia." (104 War of the Rebellion, 683.) This reward was subsequently increased to $25,000. A very moderate sum for so gallant a gentleman.

General Wilson also wrote General Steedman: