clothes thereunto belonging conclusive evidence of mysterious powers. Now our diplomacy did not get beyond the legs. From the feet to the waist we were in the eyes of Paris a diplomatic power. From the waist up we were only a private citizen. We might have kicked a French official, but he in return, while respecting our diplomatic legs, could have punched our unofficial head.

We have never ceased to regret this false move on our part. Oh! if we had only put on that coat, what different results would now go to make up the Recollections of a Busy Life and the history of the world. As it was, our arrival upon the scene did not have the effect it ought to have had. The French myrmidons did not fall back in respectful awe before us. Not much. They only went on more vigorously with their infamous work. This consisted in an attempt to get Mr. Greeley into a very common and disreputable voiture. Two stout Frenchmen were swung each to the great journalist's arms, and he held back in the most bashful and diffident manner. The six Parisians were all talking at once in the purest French. Mr. Greeley was responding in the purest English—that is, interspersed with some profane language, of which he was, and is, a consummate master. We recollect he called these officious officials damned hogs," showing at the moment his agricultural turn. We did not suggest at the time that he had better translate that into "maudit cochon," and so touch the souls of the miserables, as the hour for discussion had passed, and that of action arrived. We shook off one of the assailants, and interposed our diplomatic person between our journalistic friend and his other enemy, and while doing so we cried :

Run into the bureau, Mr. Greeley-run!"

We knew that if he once took sanctuary in that way, he would stand as it were upon the sacred soil of free America, and could bid the minions of an effete despotism defiance. But he would not, this infatuated quill driver. take the hint.

“What must I run for ?" he demanded in his querulous, shrill voice. “I have done nothing to run from; only ask these damned scoundrels what they want."

We did not believe our guileless friend; we must say that we did not put a particle of confidence in his assertions of innocence.. We believed he had committed murder. From reading Mr. Greeley's editorials we had been impressed with the belief that he was capable of great violence. We thought then that he had got into controversy with some poor Frenchman on the tariff, and had assassinated him because of the difficulty of making himself understood. Mr. Greeley is troubled with this, and gets very violent when the fit is on him.

We continued our friendly efforts in his behalf. Not wishing to accompany our dear friend to prison when we were expected to a charming dinner, we did not murder the six assailants; we did not even knock them down, but we did make it very lively for them, and gave Mr. Greeley several excellent chances

escape. He declined accepting them, and knowing that we would be too late for dinner, we desisted at last, and through our tears saw the old white hat and venerable coat chucked by the ruffians into that vulgar vioture, where two sat by him and one on him. The dirty vehicle was driven away with such violence that the horse actually took fright and for the first time in the history of Paris a horse of this sort ran away. It was not much of a run, but so amazed the driver that he lost his head and let the crazy animal collide with one of the trees in the camps Elysees, when the Tribune and the officers were all spilled out.

The police of Paris are world-famous for their efficiency, and on this occasion they arrested the voiture and driver and marched them off, leaving the officers and prisoner to find another vehicle to carry them to the debtors' prison, known as Clichy.

This all occurred on Saturday afternoon, and I learned that night the meaning of it. It seemed that the World's Exposition, held in New York a few years before this event, the directors, wishing to encourage the concern, pledged themselves to not only return safely the articles not sold, but pay for transportation of the same. This encouraged a French artist to send a lifesized statue of Venus de Medicis, and whether in marble or plaster we fail to remember. All French artists indulge in Venuses, and this one came to grief. The Exposition proved a failure, the transportation was not paid, and, worse yet, the Venus de Medicis had her nose knocked. Now the Venus in Paris with a damaged nose is common, but not attractive, and the indignant artist wanted pay for the same. He did not get pay to any great extent, and learning that Mr. Greeley, one of the directors, was in Paris, the artistic stone-cutter had him arrested late on Saturday afternoon, so as to incarcerate him in prison until Monday at least, believing that the free-born American would pay the amount rather than submit to the outrage. He mistook his

man.

We left that little dinner party at an early hour. We saw Judge Mason and secured his efforts in behalf of the imprisoned journalist. We had an interview with the Minister of Foreign affairs, and I must say for my chief, that he stated the case with much earnest force, so much indeed, that Mr. Greeley's release was promptly ordered, and on Monday, the able journalist came out a free man.

CHAPTER XXII.

GREELEY AS A FOURIERITE.

The Sage of Lackawaxen-He Espouses the Philosophy of Fourier-What That Means-Socialism in America-Greeley as its Great Apostle-His First Bull Run-"On to Lackawaxen"-His Colony Fails Miserably and he Calls the Members hard Names-Greeley's Utterances in Favor of Communism-His Discussion with Raymond.

By no means the least interesting part of Horace Greeley's life is his experience as a prominent advocate of Fourierism, and a zealous laborer in the work of planting these unfortunate colonies, or "phalanxes," which began to dot the country about thirty years ago, and the wrecks of which are still to be seen in almost every State. The story of these enterprises would be comical if it were not so sad a record of credulous, crack-brained mortals, duped by designing knaves or (more frequently) misled by others more brilliant, and also more crack-brained than themselves.

GREELEY THE FOUNDER OF FOURIERISM IN AMERICA.

Early in his journalistic career, Mr. Greeley espoused the cause of the Socialists-they who sought to reorganize society on a far better plan than that which the Creator ordained; to abolish, in great measure, the sacred ties of family, and to

substitute the Community in its place; to repeal the natural laws which guarantee persona! independence in the enterprise of accumulating wealth and spending it, and to substitute therefor a principle which Mr. Greeley calls interdependence.

John Humphrey Noyes, the leading apostle of the Oneida Community, a strictly free-love association which grew out of these earlier attempts at Communism, says in his "History of American Socialisms" [page 14]:

"

"Fourierism was introduced into this country by Albert Brisbane and Horace Greeley in 1842, and then commenced another great national movement similar to that of Owenism, [a previously exploded ism] but far more universal and enthusiastic. Many of them never undertook to carry into practice Fourier's theories in full; but they all originated in a common excitement, and that excitement took its rise from the publications of Brisbane and Greeley."

WHAT FOURIERISM MEANS.

Before narrating (chiefly from facts obtained in Noyes's book and from a carefully prepared account by A. J. MacDonald, embodied therei) the career of Mr. Greeley as a Fourierite and Communist, we will quote from Henry J. Raymond—a man noted, in his day, for fairness to his opponents a statement of the vital tenets of the American Socialists. It is taken from the concluding article of a notable discussion which took place in 1846-7

between Raymond and Greeley, and which was printed in the New York Times and Tribune, commencing Nov. 20, 1846. Mr. Raymond says:

"We have proved, in preceding articles of this discussion, that the whole system of association is founded upon, and grows out of, the fundamental principle known as the law of passional attraction. The arguments by which this position is established remains untouched; and we shall not therefore repeat it. In our last article we proved that in this system the law of man's nature is made the supreme rule of his conduct and character; that it recognizes no higher law than that of inclination, no authority above that of passion; and of course no essential distinction between right and wrong—no standard of duty except that of impulse. Of course the idea of human responsibility is utterly destroyed; and all the sanctions of moral and religious truth, as derived from the Word of God, are abrogated and cast aside. These deductions flow inevitably from the law of passional attraction."

The inevitable particular tendencies of the socialistic theory advocated by Mr. Greeley, not only as elaborated by Fourier and others, but as following logically upon the main principles avowed by Greeley, are further pointed out by Mr. Raymond in his concluding article. He shows how in attempting to reform labor, by breaking down what he calls the monopoly of land, Mr. Greeley would virtually throw all the land into the hands of a few capitalists, and make those less thrifty by nature their de