construing the personal relation between master and servant to involve an unqualified property in persons; in its attempted enforcement everywhere, on land and sea, through the intervention of Congress, and of the Federal Courts, of the extreme pretentions of a purely local interest; and in its general and unvarying abuse of the power entrusted to it by a confiding people.

"6. That the people justly view with alarm the reckless extravagance which pervades every department of the Federal Government; that a return to rigid economy and accountability is indispensable to arrest the systematic plunder of the public Treasury by favored partisans, while the recent startling developments of frauds and corruptions at the Federal metropolis show that an entire change of Administration is imperatively demanded.

"7. That the new dogma, that the Constitution, of its own force, carries Slavery into any or all of the Territories of the United States, is a dangerous political heresy, at variance with the explicit provisions of that instrument itself, with contemporaneous exposition, and with legislative and judicial precedent; is revolutionary in its tendency, and subversive of the peace and harmony of the country.

"8. That the normal condition of all the territory of the United States, is that of freedom; that as our Republican fathers. when they had abolished Slavery in all our national territory, ordained that "no person should be deprived of life, liberty, and property, without due process of law," it becomes our duty, by legislation, whenever such legislation is necessary, to maintain this provision of the Constitution against all attempts to violate it; and we deny the authority of Congress, of a territorial legislature, or of any individuals, to give legal existence to Slavery in any Territory of the United States.

"9. That we brand the recent re-opening of the African slave-trade, under the cover of our national flag, aided by perversions of judicial power, as a crime against humanity, and a burning shame to our country and age; and we call upon Congress to take prompt and efficient measures for the total and final suppression of that execrable traffic.

"10. That in the recent vetoes, by their Federal Governors, of the acts of the Legislatures of Kansas and Nebraska, prohibiting Slavery in those Territories, we find a practical illustration of the boasted Democratic principle of Non-Intervention and Popular Sovereignty, embodied in the KansasNebraska bill, and a demonstration of the deception and fraud involved therein.

“II. That Kansas should, of right, be immediately admitted as a State under the Constitution recently formed and adopted by her people, and accepted by the House of Representatives.

12. That, while providing revenue for the support of the General Government by duties upon imports, sound policy requires such an adjustment of these imposts as to encourage the development of the industrial interest

of the whole country; and we commend that policy of national exchanges which secures to the working men liberal wages, to agriculture remunerative prices, to mechanics and manufactures an adequate reward for their skill, labor, and enterprise, and to the nation commercial prosperity and independence.

13. That we protest against any sale or alienation to others of the Public Lands held by actual settlers, and against any view of the Homestead policy that regards the settlers as paupers or suppliants for public bounty; and we demand the passage by Congress of the complete and satisfactory Homestead measure which has already passed the House.

“14. That the Republican party is opposed to any change in our Naturalization Laws or any State legislation by which the rights of citizenship, hitherto accorded to emigrants from foreign lands shall be abridged or impaired; and in favor of giving a full and efficient protection to the rights of all classes of citizens, whether native or naturalized, both at home and abroad. “15. That appropriations by Congress for River and Harbor improvements of a national character, required for the accommodation and security of an existing commerce, are authorized by the Constitution, and justified by the obligations of Government to protect the lives and property of its citizens.

“16. That a railroad to the Pacific Ocean is imperatively demanded by the interest of the whole country; that the Federal Government ought to render immediate and efficient aid in its construction; and that, as preliminary thereto, a daily overland mail should be promptly established.

"17. Finally, having thus set forth our distinctive principles and views, we invite the co-operation of all citizens, however differing on other questions, who substantially agree with us in their affirmance and support."

THE CANVASS.

Mr. Lincoln accepted the nomination in the following letter:

SPRINGFIELD, Ill., May 23d, 1860.

HON. GEORGE ASHMUN, PRESIDENT OF THE Republican NATIONAL CON

VENTION:

SIR-I accept the nomination tendered me by the Convention over which you presided, and of which I am formally apprised in the letter of yourself and others acting as a Committee of the Convention for that purpose.

The declaration of principles and sentiments which accompanies your letter meets my approval; and it shall be my care not to violate or disregard it in any part.

Imploring the assistance of Divine Providence, and with due regard to

the views and feelings of all who were represented in the Convention; to the rights of all the States and Territories, and people of the nation; to the inviolability of the Constitution and the perpetual union, harmony, and prosperity of all, I am most happy to co-operate for the practical success of the principles declared by the Convention.

"Your obliged friend and fellow citizen,

ABRAHAM LINCOLN."

Mr. Hamlin accepted the nomination for the Vice-Presidency in a neat letter of which the following is the concluding paragraph:

"It is to be observed in connection with the doings of the Republican Convention, that a paramount object with us is to preserve the normal condition of our territorial domain as homes for free men. The able advocate and defender of Republican principles whom you have nominated for the highest place that can gratify the ambition of man, comes from a State which has been made what it is by special action in that respect of the wise and good men who founded our institutions. The rights of free labor have there been vindicated and maintained. The thrift and enterprise which so distinguish Illinois, one of the most flourishing States of the glorious West, we would see secured to all the territories of the Union; and restore peace and harmony to the whole country by bringing back the Government to what it was under the wise and patriotic men who created it. If the Republicans shall succeed in that object, as they hope to, they will be held in grateful remembrance by the busy and teeming millions of future ages.

"I am very truly yours,

H. HAMLIN."

The campaign which ensued was one of the most memorable in the history of American politics. The convention of the Democratic party, which assembled at Charleston, South Carolina, failed to agree. After fifty-seven ineffectual ballotings for a candidate for President,-Senator Douglas all the time receiving a handsome majority, but not the necessary two-thirds,-the convention of storms adjourned for other storms at Baltimore. There Mr. Douglas was nominated, but the seceding delegations of several States nominated John C. Breckinridge for President, and Joseph Lane, of

Oregon, for Vice-President. Herschel V. Johnson, of Georgia, was the Douglas candidate for VicePresident, Benjamin Fitzpatrick, of Alabama, having declined the nomination of the convention.

The "Constitutional Union Party" nominated John Bell, of Tennessee, for President and Edward Everett, of Massachusetts, for Vice-President. Thus the campaign of 1860 was a quadrilateral contest. The Charleston convention and that which nominated Messrs. Bell and Everett had been held before that which placed Mr. Lincoln in nomination. Hence the campaign at once opened with "thundering all around the skies.”

The members of the Chicago convention had not departed for their homes without seeing an immense procession of "Wide Awakes" parading the streets, with music, and banners and torches. In an incredibly short space of time similar organizations were formed in all parts of the North, and everywhere the Republicans went to work with earnest good will to elect their candidates. A singular interest was added to the campaign by the fact that Senator Douglas himself went upon the rostrum, and in a series of speeches to immense audiences, assailed the policy of the Republicans and the Breckinridge wing of the Democratic party. It was clear, however, to the careful observer, that Senator Douglas, despairing of his own election, desired the election of Mr. Lincoln, and at last only labored to control the organization of the

party of which he had so long been a prominent member

Of the 315 votes of the electoral college, Mr. Lincoln received 180, Mr. Breckinridge 72, Mr. Bell 39, and Mr. Douglas 12. The States which sustained the Republican cause were: Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Vermont, New York, New Jersey, (casting for electoral votes four Lincoln and Hamlin, three for Douglas and Johnson,) Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Iowa, Wisconsin, California, Minnesota, Oregon. Breckinridge and Lane received the votes of Delaware, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Texas. Virginia, Kentucky and Tennessee voted for Bell and Everett. In addition to the three votes from New Jersey, Douglas and Johnson received the nine votes of Missouri. Of popular votes Lincoln and Hamlin received 1,857,610; Douglas and Johnson, 1,365,976; Breckinridge and Lane, 847,553; Bell and Everett, 590,631. The Republicans everywhere received the intelligence of their triumph with manifestations of enthusiastic delight.

THE SOUTH BELLIGERENT.

It was received, however, with very different feelings in the South. On the very day after the election the "Southern Confederacy" was cheered in the city of Charleston, and the "palmetto flag" was raised on shipping in the harbor. Before Mr. Lin