* Colored Troops organized at various stations in the States in rebellion, embracing all not

PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES, ETC.-CONTINUED.

VOLUNTEERS AND MILITIA FURNISHED AT VARIOUS TIMES FOR

specifically credited to States, and which cannot be so assigned.

STATEMENT OF NUMBER OF MEN CALLED FOR BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES, ETC.-CONTINUED.

*Colored Troops organized at various stations in the States in rebellion, embracing all not specifically credited to States, and which cannot be so assigned.

History of Army Corps and Badges.

The adoption of badges appears to have originated in the "Kearny Patch.“ The following is the story told on the subject: One day when his brigade was on the march General Philip Kearny, who was a strict disciplinarian, saw some officers standing under a tree by the road-side. Supposing them to be stragglers from his command, he administered to them a rebuke, emphasized by a few expletives. The officers listened, respectfully standing in the "position of a soldier" until he had finished, when one of them, raising his hand to his cap, quietly suggested that the general had possibly made a mistake, as none of them belonged to his command. With his usual courtesy Kearny exclaimed, “Pardon me; I will take steps to know how to recognize my own men hereafter." Immediately on reaching camp he issued orders that all officers and men of his brigade should wear conspicuously on the front of their caps a round piece of red cloth to designate them. This became generally known as the Kearny Patch." After the battle of Fair Oaks, or Seven Pines, it was observed that the Confederate prisoners universally wore strips of red, blue, or white cloth on their caps, which they said were to designate the commands to which they belonged. General Kearny, in conversation with General Hooker, enthusiastically instanced this as illustrating the utility of his "patch."

The usefulness of distinctive badges became so apparent to the corps commanders that very soon they were generally adopted. They, however, had not an official recognition until General Joseph Hooker became the commander of the Army of the Potomac. On the 21st of March, 1863, just before the Chancellorsville campaign, he issued an order prescribing the device for a badge for each corps, as was stated, “for the purpose of ready recognition of corps and divisions of this army, and to prevent injustice by reports of straggling and misconduct through mistake as to their organizations." This same phraseology was used in the orders subsequently issued, announcing the badges of corps in the Department of the Cumberland. The divisions of each corps were indicated by the colors red, white, and blue, and green, and orange, if there were more than three divisions. Thus the badge of the first division of each corps was made of scarlet cloth, that of the second of white, and the third of blue. For the headquarters some slight modifications were made in the form worn by the divisions. The badges were painted on the wagons of the corps, and stencilled on all its public property.

In connection with the badges, the history of the corps is so interwoven that very appropriately with its insignia it should be stated how each was formed and where it served. At the outstart of the Civil War, the old formation of the small Regular Army of the United States was preserved. The subdivisions of different armies were simply divisions and brigades. The tactical formation of the great European armies, framed from experience, was ignored, until, by hard-taught lessons, those in authority learned that war was a profession, and its rules and regulations could not safely be set aside. Grand armies, for purposes of strategical

movements, among all great military powers, have been subdivided into corps, perfect in all the attributes of a separate army—infantry, artillery, and cavalry—and placed under experienced generals, making a unit of a large force for independent action, which might prove important in accomplishing victory.

It was not until July 17, 1862, that Congress formally authorized the formation of army corps, though it did not give to the corps commanders the rank of lieutenantgenerals, as is usual in other services, and which was adopted by the Confederates— a general commanding an army, a lieutenant-general a corps, a major-general a division, and a brigadier-general a brigade.

Under the authority which legalized and allowed the organization of troops into army corps, the following corps were organized:

first army corps.

August 12, 1862.—Troops of the Mountain Department constituted the First Corps, under command of Major-General Fremont. It was subsequently commanded by Major-General John F. Reynolds.

March 23, 1862.—Discontinued, and troops transferred.

November 28, 1864.—Reorganized, under the command of Major-General Hancock, as First Corps, Veteran Volunteers. After its service under Fremont, it was identified with the Army of the Potomac. The badge of the First Corps was a circle; that of the Veteran Volunteers was a circle surrounded by a double wreath of laurel. Outside the laurel-wreath, rays from a figure with seven sides of concave curves. Seven hands, springing from the circumference of the laurel-wreath, grasp spears, the heads of which form the seven points of the external radiated figure.

second army corps.

August 12, 1862.—The troops of the Shenandoah Department were to constitute the Second Corps, under command of General Banks.

September 12, 1862.—The designation of this corps was changed to the Eleventh by order of the President, and it was directed that the corps arranged by Order of March 13, 1862, headquarters Army of the Potomac, should be known as such. The Second Corps was first commanded by General E. V. Sumner, then by General Couch, and subsequently by General Hancock, who had previously been one of its division commanders. He was so largely identified with its history that it is most generally alluded to as Hancock’s Corps. General Warren commanded it temporarily; its last commander was General Humphreys. The corps formed continuously a portion of the Army of the Potomac. Its badge was a trefoil.

third army corps.

August 12, 1862.—The troops under General McDowell, except those within the city and fortifications, were to form this corps, and to be under his command. It became the Twelfth Army Corps September 12, 1862, giving place to the Third Corps, General Heintzelman, in the Army of the Potomac, which last-named organization was discontinued March 23, 1864, and troops transferred. During its organization it served continuously with the Army of the Potomac. At the battle of Gettysburg it was commanded by Major-General Daniel E. Sickles. Its badge was a diamond.