Among army contractors at Valley Forge, III., 72-73.

Extortion of public contractors, III., 148–

149.

Charges of, in connection with Massachusetts ratifying convention, IV., 11. Charges of, against Hamilton, IV., 132. In War Department in 1861, VIII., 116117.

Among government officials during the

Civil War, IX., 163-164, 170, 350-351. Among officials in the South, IX., 193. Of Governor Bullock in Georgia, IX., 428.

Of carpet-bag government in North Carolina, IX., 433-434.

The Crédit Mobilier scandal, IX., 441-442. The Tweed Ring in New York, IX., 442444.

In Alabama, IX., 459-460.

In Arkansas, IX., 460.

In Mississippi, IX., 462-463.

In Louisiana, IX., 463-464.

In South Carolina, IX., 467-469.
The Whiskey frauds, IX., 472.

Charges of, against Blaine, IX., 472-473.
Impeachment of Belknap, IX., 473.
The Star Route cases, X., 18.

Corse, Maj.-Gen. John M. (Fed.)
At Chattanooga, VIII., 384-385.
At Alltoona, IX., 62.

With Sherman, IX., 95.

Cortelyou, George B.

Becomes Secretary of Commerce and

Labor, X., 227.

Becomes Postmaster-General, X., 252. Prevents disaster in panic of 1907, X., 273, 390.

Cortoreal, Gaspar, Voyage of, I., 116.

Corwin, Thomas.

Cotton

Becomes Secretary of the Treasury, VII.,

292.

Charges against, VII., 315.

Reports compromise plan, VII., 466.

Proposes constitutional amendment, VII.,
476.

Minister to Mexico, VIII., 125.
Cos, Gen. Martin Perfecto de.
Sent to Texas, VI., 463, 465.
At San Jacinto, VI., 466-467.

Cosby, William.

Becomes governor of New York, II., II. His dispute with Zenger, II., 11.

Death of, II., 12.

Costa Rica, Treaties with, VIII., 132; IX., 333; X., 519.

Cotton.

Planted at Jamestown, I., 160, 176. Cultivation of, in the South, II., 184186.

Exportation limited to England, II., 205. Efforts to cultivate and manufacture, IV., 45-46.

Introduction of the spinning jenny, IV., 48.

On free list in tariff of 1789, IV., 100.
Influence of the cotton gin and spinning
jenny, IV., 146-147, 485, 487.
Exports of, IV., 488.

Increase of cotton mills, V., 311.

Increase in price of, during War of 1812, VI., 43.

Removal of tax on cotton mills in New
Jersey, VI., IIO.

Debate on import duty on, VI., 114.
Depression in cotton industry, VI., 122.
Duty on, retained, VI., 122-123.

Growth of cotton industry, VI., 258-259. Duty on cotton goods in tariff of 1824, VI., 262-263.

Rate of duty unchanged, VI., 380.
Decrease in price of, in 1837, VI., 504.
Duty on, in tariff of 1842, VII., 76.
Exportation of, forbidden, VIII., 39.
Southern reliance on, to compel recogni-
tion, VIII., 133, 145; IX., 157, 198.
Duty on cotton goods increased, VIII.,
213.

Internal tax imposed on, VIII., 401. Attempts to produce in the North, IX., 155.

Manufacture of cotton goods stimulated by the war, IX., 161.

Illicit trade in, between North and South during Civil War, IX., 165-170.

Value of cotton goods produced in 1850
and 1860, IX., 227, 232, 259.
Production of, in 1791-1860, IX., 233-234.
Cotton mills in operation in 1809 and 1820,

IX., 259.

Reduction of internal tax on, IX., 402.

Growth of cotton goods manufacture to

1910, X., 323-324.

Cotton, John.

Arrives in America, I., 249.

Protests against change in Massachusetts officials, I., 250.

Engages in dispute with Williams, I., 253.

Presented with translation of Psalms, I., 266.

Cotton-gin, Invention and influence of, IV., 146-147, 485; VII., 146-147.

Cotton States and International Exposition, X., 59.

Couch, Gen. Darius N. (Fed.).

Situation of, VIII., 175.

At Fair Oaks or Seven Pines, VIII., 177– 178.

At Oak Grove, VIII., 189.

At Malvern Hill, VIII., 196–197.

At South Mountain, VIII., 220-223.

At Antietam, VIII., 225-229.
At Fredericksburg, VIII., 232-235.

At Chancellorsville, VIII., 295-303.

Coudert, Frederic R., X., 63, 69.

Countess of Scarborough, The, Captured by

the Pallas, III., 185-186.

Courcel, Baron de, X., 63.
Courcelles, Daniel de Rémy, Sieur de.

Appointed governor of Canada, I., 424.
Invades the Long House, I., 424.
Coursing, In the South, II., 161.

Courts. See JUDICIARY.

Couto, Don Bernardo, Signs treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, VIII., 252.

Couvade, The Indian custom, I., 51.
Covington, Gen. Leonard.

Commands brigade, V., 412.

Shot at Chrystler's Farm, V., 413. Covington, Ky., Population of, in 1910, I., 6. Cowdery, Oliver.

Aids in translating Book of Mormon, VI., 458-459.

Connection of, with bank fraud, VII., 12. Cowdry, Robert H., Nominated for Vice-Presidency, X., 39.

Cowpens, Battle of, III., 244-246.

Cox, David C., Member of civil service committee, IX., 440.

Crawford

Cox, Capt. George, Commands the Essex, V.,

94.

Cox, Gen. Jacob D. (Fed.).

Sent against Gen. Wise, VIII., 73-74.
Repulsed at Scarey Creek, VIII., 74
Advances to Gauley Bridge, VIII., 74.

Drives Floyd from Cotton Hill, VIII., 79.
At South Mountain, VIII., 220-223.

At Antietam, VIII., 225-229.

At Johnsonville, IX., 70.

At Spring Hill, IX., 72.
At Franklin, IX., 72–73.
At Wilmington, IX., 93–94.

At Kinston, IX., 102.

Becomes Secretary of the Interior, IX.,

Crandall, Miss Prudence, Negro school of, VI., 431-432.

Crane, Lieut. William M.

Surrenders the Nautilus, V., 458.

Commands the Independence, VI., 128. Craney Island, Battle of, VI., 16-18. Cranfield, Edward, Compelled to flee, I., 353. Cranfell, J. B., Nominated for Presidency, X.,

51. Cranmer, Thomas, Archbishop of Canterbury, burned at the stake, I., 202. Crater, The, At Petersburg, IX., 40–41. Craven, William, Lord, One of Carolina patentees, I., 382.

Craven, Charles, Subdues Yemassee Indians, II., 35.

Craven, Com. T. A. M. (Fed.), At Mobile Bay, IX., 14-16.

Crawford, George W., Becomes Secretary of War, VII., 279.

Sent to Washington to negotiate treaty of amity, VII., 473.

Seward declines to negotiate with, VII., 478-479.

Crawford, Maj.-Gen. Samuel W. (Fed.).

At Cedar Mountain, VIII., 202-204.

At Gettysburg, VIII., 341-345.

At the Wilderness, VIII., 431-436.

At Spottsylvania Court House, VIII., 438, 441-446.

At the North Anna, VIII., 447-448.

At Globe Tavern, IX., 43.

At Hatcher's Run, IX., 47, 114.

At Dinwiddie Court House, IX., 117-118.

At Five Forks, IX., 118-119.

Crawford, William, Disastrous campaign of, III., 281.

Crawford, W. H.

Votes against embargo, V., 190.

Lays Matthews' plans before Madison, V., 262.

Reports bill to renew Bank charter, V., 317.

Defeated for Presidential nomination, VI., 131.

Becomes Secretary of the Treasury, VI., 134.

Letter regarding Monroe's tour, VI., 134-
135.

Fears war with Spain, VI., 149.
Opinion on Missouri bill, VI., 207-208.
Nominated for the Presidency, VI., 232.
The "A. B." plot against, VI., 232.

Efforts of, to secure New York electors,
VI., 234-236.

Electoral votes for, VI., 236, 238.

Presides over anti-tariff meeting, VI., 276. Crazy Horse, Attacks General Crook, IX.,

457.

Crédit Mobilier Scandal, IX., 441-442.
Cree Indians, I., 36.

Creek Indians, I., 37, 60.

Join the Yemassees in war with colonists,
II., 35.

Surrender claims to territory at Savannah,
II., 43.

Oglethorpe's conference with, II., 45-46.
Cede lands, II., 287-288.

Treaty of New York with, IV., 202–203.
Claim territory in Tennessee, IV., 238.
Conclude treaty with Spaniards, IV., 238.
Attack white settlement, IV., 239.

Make peace, IV., 241.

Creek Indians, I.—Continued.

Creek runner murdered by the Alabamas, V., 445.

The Red Sticks declare for war, V., 445. McQueen defeated at Burnt Corn, V., 445Massacre inmates of Fort Mimms, V., 446

Becomes Postmaster-General, IX., 400.
Resigns, IX., 446.

Cricket, Played in New York, II., 168.
Crillon, Mt., I., 14.
Crime.

Attempt to control disorderly persons in
Massachusetts Bay Colony, I., 249.
Provisions for punishment of, in Virginia,
I., 271.

Scarcity of, in Virginia, I., 276.

Provisions relating to, in Maryland charter,
I., 286.

Enactments regarding, in New Jersey, I.,
309-310, 319.

Tortures in punishment of, abolished in
Massachusetts, I., 324.

Punishments provided by Massachusetts for
teaching Quaker doctrines, I., 333-334
Criminals in Pennsylvania permitted to
have witnesses and counsel, II., 17.
Punishments imposed in Virginia for swear-
ing, drunkenness and adultery, II., 23.
Punishments provided for criminal slaves,
II., 35.

Punishments for capital and other offenses,
II., 169; III., 342.

Condition of the jails, III., 342.

Groundwork of the criminal code laid by
Congress, IV., 145.

Habitat of, IV., 481.

Tecumseh's talk to, V., 276–277, 444.

Percentage of negroes in prisons, VI., 277

Revisions of criminal codes, VI., 324.

Efforts to abolish capital punishment, VII.,
130-131.

Flogging, branding and other punishments,
VII., 131.

The anti-lottery movement, VII., 131-
132.

Decrease of crime during Civil War, IX., 185-186.

Conditions in South, IX., 192–193.

Growth of intemperance, IX., 269.

Criminal Code. See CRIME.

Crisis, The, By Paine, II., 464-465; IV., 71.
Cristobal Colon, The.

Armament of, X., 100.

At battle of Santiago, X., 149-152.

Crittenden, Gen. George B. (Confed.), At battle of Mill Springs, VIII., 88-89.

Crittenden, John J.

Becomes Attorney-General, VII., 58.
On office-seekers, VII., 59.
Resigns, VII., 66.

Ordered to aid McLeod, VII., 83-84.
Again becomes Attorney-General, VII.,

292.

Proposes sending Scott to Kansas, VII., 377.

Compromise scheme of, VII., 450-451. Proposes to submit compromise to popular vote, VII., 465.

Crittenden, Gen. T. L. (Fed.).

Arrives at Shiloh, VIII., 101.

At Perryville, VIII., 245-248.

At Murfreesboro, VIII., 251-256.

Commands 21st army corps, VIII., 361.
In Tullahoma campaign, VIII., 368-369.
At McLemore's Cove, VIII., 371.
At Chickamauga, VIII., 373-377.
At the North Anna, VIII., 448.

Crittenden, Gen. T. T. (Fed.), Captured at
Munfordsville, VIII., 242.

Crittenden, Col. W. S., Captured in Cuba, VII., 303.

Croatan, I., 147.

Crocker, Lieut. (Fed.), At Sabine Pass, VIII.,

413.

Crocker, Brig.-Gen. Marcellus M. (Fed.).

At Raymond, VIII., 316.

At Jackson, VIII., 317.

At Champion's Hill, VIII., 318-319.

Crockett, David.

Killed at the Alamo, VI., 465.
Writings of, IX., 288.

Crook, Maj.-Gen. George (Fed.)
At Antietam, VIII., 228-229.

At Cloyd's Mountain, IX., 20-21.

Cruft

Cruft

Cruft, Gen. Charles-Continued.

At Richmond, Ky., VIII., 243.
At Chattanooga, VIII., 380–386.
At Ringgold Gap, VIII., 386-387.

Cruger, Col. John H.

Relieves Brown at Augusta, III., 256. Defends Ninety-Six against Greene, III., 257-258.

Crystal Mountains, I., 13.

Crystal Palace Exposition, VII., 318.
Cuba.

Captured by the English but restored to
Spain, II., 120.

The Lopez expeditions to, VII., 301–304.
Negotiations with Spain for purchase of,
VII., 338.

The Black Warrior affair at Havana, VII.,
338-339.

Slidell's bill for purchase of, VII., 409-410.
Grant's willingness to recognize belliger-
ency of Cubans, IX., 422.

The Virginius affair at, IX., 422–423.
Declares independence of Spain, X., 86.
Desolation of, X., 87-88.
Reconcentrados in, X., 88.

Relief sent to, from the United States, X.,
89.

Granted autonomy, X., 89.

Destruction of the Maine at Havana, X.,
90-91.

Blockade of, established, X., 97, 103.
The affair at Matanzas, X., 115.

The Winslow affair at Cardenas, X., 116.
Cutting of cables at Cienfuegos, X., 116-

117.

Cervera reaches Santiago, X., 120.

Sinking of the Merrimack at Santiago, X., 124-127.

Santiago bombarded by the Vesuvius, X., 128.

Landing of the American army in, X., 128

132.

The capture of Siboney and the battle of Las Guasimas, X., 132-134.

The battles of El Caney and San Juan, X., 134-145.

Destruction of Cervera's fleet at Santiago, X., 145-152.

Capitulation of Santiago, X., 153–161. Attacks on Manzanillo and the Bay of Nipe, X., 177-178.

Establishment of Cuban Republic, X., 198

200.

Reciprocity treaty with, X., 244-245.
The United States assumes control over,
X., 262-263.

Cuba-Continued.

Currency

Restoration of government of, X., 264-265.
Treaties with, X., 519.

Cudgeling Contests, In the South, II., 162. Cuevas, Don Luis G., Signs treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, VII., 252.

Culbreth, Thomas, On compromise committee,
VI., 211.

Culiacan, Founding of, I., 125.
Culp's Farm. See KOLB'S FARM.
Culpepper, John, Leads insurrection in North
Carolina, I., 388-389.

Culpepper, Lord Thomas.

Receives grant of Virginia from Charles
I., I., 372.

Secures Arlington's share and is made gov-
ernor, I., 376.

Rapacity of, I., 377.

His patent taken away, I., 377. Culture.

Of the Indians, I., 30-33, 59-64.

Of the Mound-Builders and Cliff-Dwellers,
I., 30, 58, 60-61.

Lack of, in 1800, IV., 495-496.

In the South, VII., 142.

Cumberland, Md., Population of, in 1910, I.,

7.

Cumberland, The, VII., 211.
Cumberland, The.

Saved by Paulding, VIII., 27.

Sunk by the Merrimac, VIII., 150.
Cumberland Gap, Tenn.

Seized by Zollicoffer, VIII., 33.
Occupied by Morgan, VIII., 166.
Evacuated, VIII., 244.

Surrendered by Frazer, VIII., 388.
Cumberland Mountains, I., 12.
Cumberland Road.

Appropriations for, V., 305.

Extended to Zanesville, VI., 320.

Cumming, Sir Alexander, Negotiates treaty. with Cherokees, II., 37.

Cummings, Alfred.

Appointed governor of Utah, VII., 402. Arranges peace with Young and assumes authority, VII., 404-405.

Cunningham, Thomas S., In the Buckshot
War, VII., 33-36.

Curaçao, Blockaded by England, V., 167.
Currency.

Used by the Indians, I., 66, 69.

The right to coin granted to colonists, I., 151.

Spanish coins made currency in Virginia, I., 372.

Issuance of card money in Canada, I., 436.