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Topography.

Of the United States and its possessions,
I., 9-16.

Influence of the Indian fur and fish trade
upon, I., 66-67.

The use of Indian place names, I., 68.
Toral, Capitulates at Santiago, X., 155-158.
Torbert, Maj.-Gen. Alfred T. (Fed.).

At South Mountain, VIII., 221-223.
At the North Anna, VIII., 446.
At Hawes' Shop, VIII., 448.

With Sheridan on Trevilian raid, IX., 33-
34.

At Shepherdstown, IX., 51.

At Winchester or Opequon, IX., 52-54.
At Fisher's Hill, IX., 55-56.

At Cedar Creek, IX., 56-59.

Torch, The.

Sent against Barbary Powers, VI., 125.
Captures the Estedio, VI., 126.
Tordesillas, Convention of, I., 114.

Tories.

Origin of the name, II., 265.

Elements composing the Tory party, II.,
331, note.

Defeated by Pickens, III., 161.

Slaughter of, at Ninety Six, III., 243.

Tornadoes, I., 20.

Torrejon, Gen. D. Anastasio.

At battle of Palo Alto, VII., 196-197.

At battle of Buena Vista, VII., 210-211.
Torrey, Inventor of diving apparatus, IV.,

146.

Torrey, John, IX., 285.

Toscanelli, Paolo dell Pozzo dei, I., 110.
Totemism, I., 47.

Totopotomoy, Operations on the, VIII., 449.

Transportation

Totten, Capt. James (Fed.), At battle of Wil-
son's Creek, VIII., 65-66.

Totten, Capt. Joseph G., At battle of Queens-
ton, V., 356-358.

Toucey, Isaac.

Becomes Secretary of the Navy, VII., 387.
Approves Buchanan's reply, VII., 462.
Toussaint, François Dominique (L'OUVER-
TURE).

Promises to protect American trade, IV.,

416.

Agrees to abandon privateering, IV., 417.
Revolution in San Domingo under, V., 21-
22, 65.

Townshend, Charles.

Believes colonies should be taxed, II., 223.
Becomes chancellor of the exchequer, II.,
253.

His scheme to secure revenue from colo-
nies, II., 254.

Repeal of his measure, II., 271.
Townshend, George, Commands brigade of
Wolfe's army, II., 113.

Townshend, Capt. Lord James, Commands
the Eolus, V., 458.

Towson, Capt. Nathan.

Exploit of, V., 354.

At battle of Chippawa, V., 425-426.
At battle of Lundy's Lane, V., 427-430.
At Fort Erie, V., 431-434.

Tracy, Alexander de Prouville, Marquis de.
Sent to Canada with a regiment, I., 424.
Invades the Long House, I., 424.
Tracy, Benjamin F.

Becomes Secretary of the Navy, X., 41.
Counsel for Venezuela, X., 70.

Tracy, Gen. E. D. (Confed.), At Port Gibson,
VIII., 315.

Tracy, Uriah.

Defends Jay's treaty, IV., 280.

Opposes occupation of Louisiana, V., 36.
Plans secession of New England, V., 118.
Reveals plans to Adams, V., 119.

Trail, Maj. Xerxes F., At battle of Buena

Vista, VII., 208-211.

Tramways, At Boston and Philadelphia, V.,
309.
Transportation.

Indian methods of, I., 49.

Establishment of ferries between Boston
and Charlestown, I., 250.

Coaches and chaises introduced in New
England, II., 164.

Ferries between New York and Brooklyn,
III., 330.

Experiments with steamboats, III., 330-331.

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Difficulties of travel at end of Revolution,

III., 332-333.

Lack of good roads, IV., 51-52.

Growth of colonial merchant marine, IV.,
52-54.

Early canals projected and built, IV., 130.
Facilities for, in 1800, IV., 482-484.
Sunday travel prohibited, IV., 495.
Turnpikes chartered, V., 303.

The Cumberland and other roads, V., 304-
305.

The Chesapeake and Delaware canal, V.,
305-306.

Gallatin's report on internal improvements,
V., 306.

The Erie Canal, V., 307; VI., 313-314.

The Clermont and other steam vessels, V.,
308-309.

First tramways, V., 309.

Extension of railways, 1846 to 1856, VII.,

310-311.

Charter for railroad granted to Stevens,

VI., 316-317.

The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, VI.,
317-319; IX., 244.

Extension of railways, 1846 to 1856, VII.,
439.

Military possession of railways authorized,
VIII., 212.

The Pacific railroads chartered, VIII., 212,
IX., 162, 338.

Pullman builds his first car, IX., 162.

The first horse cars, IX., 175, 377.
Effect of war on Southern transporta-
tion systems, VIII., 143-144; IX., 195,
199.

Early locomotives, IX., 244.

Development of railway systems, 1789-1865,
IX., 244-245.

The Hepburn Law, X., 259.
Development of transportation systems

after 1860, X., 373 et seq.

Street car and elevated lines, X., 377-378.
Electrification of steam railroads, X., 378.
Subways, X., 378.

Principal canals completed since 1860, X.,
500-502.

See also RAILROADS; SHIP-BUILDING; STEAM
AND STEAM NAVIGATION.

Transvaal, Treaty with, X., 525.

Transylvania Company, Formation of, II.,
286.

Travelers' Insurance Company, Founded, IX.,

151.

Travis, W. B., Killed at the Alamo, VI., 465.

Treasury, Secretaries of the.

Treaties

Hamilton appointed, IV., 88.
Succeeded by Oliver Wolcott, IV., 256.
Albert Gallatin, V., 3, 223.

George W. Campbell, VI., 50.
Alexander J. Dallas, VI., 50.
William H. Crawford, VI., 134.
Richard Rush, VI., 238.
Samuel D. Ingham, VI., 345.
Louis McLane, VI., 387.
W. J. Duane, VI., 411.
Roger B. Taney, VI., 412.
Levi Woodbury, VI., 502.
Thomas Ewing, VII., 58.
Walter Forward, VII., 66.
Robert J. Walker, VII., 176.

William M. Meredith, VII., 279.
Thomas Corwin, VII., 292.

James Guthrie, VII., 317.
Howell Cobb, VII., 387.
Philip F. Thomas, VII., 460.
John A. Dix, VII., 465.
Salmon P. Chase, VII., 477.
William P. Fessenden, IX., 6.
Hugh McCulloch, IX., 86.
George S. Boutwell, IX., 400.
William A. Richardson, IX., 446.
Benjamin H. Bristow, IX., 446.
John Sherman, X., I.
William Windom, X., 14.
Charles J. Folger, X., 16.
Walter Q. Gresham, X., 16.
Hugh McCulloch, X., 16.
Daniel Manning, X., 24.
Charles S. Fairchild, X., 24.
William Windom, X., 41.
Charles Foster, X., 41.
John G. Carlisle, X., 51.
Lyman J. Gage, X., 74.
Leslie M. Shaw, X., 251.

Franklin MacVeagh, X., 276.
List of, X., 533.

Treasury Department.

Creation and work of, IV., 85; IX., 313-

314.

Assumes control of the Mint, IV., 129.

Bureau of engraving and printing estab-
lished, IX., 163.

Additions to, since the war, X., 468.
Work of, X., 487-488.

Treat, Robert, Elected governor of Massachu-
setts, I., 356.

Treaties and Conventions.

Convention of Tordesillas, I., 114.

Restoration of Quebec by the treaty of St.
Germain-en-Laye, I., 134.

Treaties

Treaties and Conventions-Continued.

INDEX

Surrender of New Netherland by Dutch to
English under treaty of Westminster, I.,
306.

Termination of the first intercolonial war
by Peace of Ryswick, I., 451-452.
Second intercolonial war ended by treaty
of Utrecht, I., 460.

Third intercolonial war ended by treaty of
Aix-la-Chapelle, I., 473.

The fourth intercolonial war ended by the
treaty of Paris, II., 120, 131-140.

The treaty of alliance with France, III.,
97-98.

The Armed Neutrality, III., 228, 236-237.
Adams' treaty with Holland, III., 229.
Negotiation of the treaty of Paris ending
Revolutionary War, III., 301-314.

The commercial treaty with Prussia, III.,
350.

Barclay negotiates treaty with Morocco,
III., 382.

Pinckney concludes the treaty of San Lor-
enzo el Real, IV., 209-211.

Jay's treaty with England, IV., 257 et seq.,
281-287.

French treaties declared no longer obliga-
tory, IV., 363-364.

The treaty of Morfontaine, IV., 439-441;
V., 20.

Rives negotiates treaty to adjust spoliation
claims against France, IV., 442.
Spain retrocedes Louisiana to France by
treaty of San Ildefonso, V., 20-21.
The Louisiana Purchase Treaty, V., 27-29,
45-46.

Donaldson's treaty with Algiers, V., 85.
Treaties with Tripoli and Tunis, V., 86.
Peace treaty concluded with Tripoli, V.,
96.

Wilkinson and the neutral ground treaty,
V., 143-144.

Monroe and Pinckney negotiate treaty
with England, V., 174-175.

The negotiation of the treaty of Ghent, VI.,
84-99.
Commercial

convention concluded with

England, VI., 120.
Treaties of peace signed with the Barbary
Powers, VI., 127–129.

The Florida purchase treaty, VI., 152-
158.

The convention of 1818 with England, VI.,
166-167.

Middleton's convention with Russia regard-
ing Oregon, VI., 171–172.

Treaties

Treaties and Conventions-Continued.
The Oregon convention of 1827 with Eng-
land, VI., 254.

Claims conventions and commercial trea-
ties with various countries, VI., 457.,
Santa Anna signs treaties at Velasco, VI.,
467.

The Webster-Ashburton treaty, VII., 85-
89, 95-98.

The treaty annexing Texas, VII., 105-106.
The Oregon Treaty, VII., 177-179.
The Mexican claims conventions, VII., 189-
190.

The treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo ending
the Mexican War, VII., 251-253.
The treaty of New Granada granting en-
try-port privileges, VII., 262–265.
Hise's treaties with Guatemala, Honduras
and Nicaragua, VII., 266.

Squier's treaties with Honduras and Nica-
ragua, VII., 266–267.

The Clayton-Bulwer treaty, VII., 267-272.
The Gadsden treaty, VII., 333.

Reciprocity treaty with Canada, VII., 333-
336.

Negotiated with foreign powers during
Civil War, VIII., 131-132.

Reciprocity treaties with various nations,
IX., 239, 332-333.

Treaty for the purchase of Alaska, IX.,
414.

The Burlingame treaty with China, IX.,
414.

The treaty of Washington (Alabama
claims), IX., 418.

Commercial treaty negotiated with Korea,
IX., 421-422.

Frelinghuysen's treaty with Nicaragua, X.,

17.

Treaties with Samoa, X., 29 et seq.
Reciprocity treaties concluded in 1891-1892,
X., 44.

Treaties with China, X., 65-66.
The Samoan treaty, X., 78-79.

The treaties with Hawaii, X., 80 et seq.
The treaty of Paris of 1898, X., 179–185.
The Hay-Pauncefote treaty, X., 235.
The Hay-Herran treaty, X., 237.
The Hay-Bunau-Varilla treaty, X., 239.
Reciprocity treaty with Cuba, X., 244-245.
The Canadian reciprocity treaty, X., 292-

293.

The peace treaties with France and Eng-
land, X., 293–294.

Abrogation of the treaty with Russia, X.,
294-295.

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Between Puritans and Massasoit, I., 211.
Treaty ending the Pequot War, I., 261.
Treaty ending war between Dutch and Al-
gonquins, I., 294.

Penn's treaty with Indians at Shakamaxon,
I., 403.

Cumming's treaty with the Cherokees, II.,
37.

The treaty of Fort Stanwix, II., 280-281.
For ceding lands in Northwest, III., 388-
389.

The treaties of Forts Stanwix, McIntosh,
Finney and Harmar, IV., 188-189.
Treaty of Greenville, IV., 199.

The Creek treaty of New York, IV., 202-
203.

The treaty of Holston with the Cherokees,
IV., 236.

Harrison's treaty with Indiana Indians, V.,
269-270.

Jackson's treaty of peace with, V., 456.
The treaty of Indian Springs, VI., 299.
Treaties with the Sacs, Foxes and Winne-

bagoes, VI., 480.

Treaties with the Seminoles, VI., 480-481;
VII., 15.

Tredegar Iron Works, The, VIII., 139.
Trenholm, G. A., Becomes Confederate Secre-
tary of the Treasury, VIII., 119.
Trent, Capt. William, Sent to the Ohio, II.,
83.

Trent Affair, The, VIII., 57-60, 128, 135.
Trenton, N. J.

Washington retreats to, II., 461–462.
Capture of Hessians at, III., 3-6.
Anti-slavery meeting at, VI., 200.

Population of, in 1910, I., 7.

Trescot, William H., Sent to Chili, X., 17.
Trevett vs. Weeden, Case of, III., 363.
Trevilian Station, Va., Sheridan's raid to, IX.,

33-34.

Tribes, The Lost Ten, I., 57.

Trigg, Col. Robert C. (Confed.), At Chicka-

mauga, VIII., 376.

Trimble, Maj.-Gen. Isaac R. (Confed.).

At Chancellorsville, VIII., 295-303.
At Gettysburg, VIII., 342-345.

Trinity Church.

Founding of, II., 6.

Trinity Church-Continued.

Troup

Charity school established in connection

with, II., 172.

Destroyed by fire, II., 452.

Tripoli.

Ambassador of, negotiates with Adams,
III., 381.

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Trist, Nicholas P.

Sent to Mexico to negotiate for peace,
VII., 234-235.

His correspondence with Scott, VII., 235.
Negotiations with Mexican commissioners,
VII., 242-243.

Urges Mexico to continue negotiations,
VII., 251.

Concludes treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo,
VII., 252.

Instructed to secure transit rights across
isthmus of Tehuantepec, VII., 263.
Troppau, Meeting of Holy Alliance at, VI.,
219.

Trott, Nicholas, Complaints against his con-
duct as chief justice of South Carolina,
II., 36.

Trotter, Gen. George, At battle of the Thames,
V., 399-401.
Troup, George M.

Opposes war, V., 215.

Opposes inclusion of West Florida in
Louisiana, V., 258.

Introduces bill regarding East Florida, V.,
264.

Introduces bill to increase army, VI., 47.
At anti-tariff meeting, VI., 276.

Asserts Georgia's determination to have
Cherokee lands, VI., 298.

Corresponds with Adams, VI., 300.

Begs Georgians to stand by their arms,
VI., 300-301.

Defies the government, VI., 301-303.
Advocates armed resistance to northern
aggressions, VII., 281.

Troy

Troy, N. Y.

INDEX

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Tucson

Trusts and Industrial Combinations-Cont'd.
Prosecution of the "Sugar Trust," X., 282.
The Standard Oil and Tobacco Trust deci-
sions, X., 284–286.

Other prosecutions of, X., 286, 483-484.
Definition of the terms "trust" and "indus-
trial combination," X., 330-332.

Beginnings of trusts prior to the Civil War,
X., 332-333.

Evolution of the terms "capital" and "cap-
italism," X., 333-334.

Earning capacity as a corporation asset,
X., 334-335.

Tariff and other legislation as a factor in
trust development, X., 335-337.
Statistics of trusts, X., 337-338.

Effect of the trust on the cost of living,
X., 339.

State anti-trust legislation, X., 494-495.
The Missouri and Illinois laws, X., 495-
496.

See also INDUSTRIES; GOVERNMENT REGULA-

TION.

Truxton, The, VII., 211.

Truxtun, Commodore Thomas.

First cruise of, IV., 410.

Captures L'Insurgente, IV., 414-415.

Defeats La Vengeance, IV., 419-420.

Testifies at Burr's trial, V., 161.
Tryon, William.

Endeavors to placate North Carolinians,
II., 231.

Orders tea to be unloaded, II., 279.
Rapacity of, in North Carolina, II., 281.
Defeats the Regulators, II., 282-283.
Transferred to governorship of New York,
II., 283.

Establishes quarters aboard ship, II., 413.
Plans Tory plots, II., 416.

Promises Loyalist uprising, II., 439.
Attacks Danbury, Conn., III., 16.

Sends copies of Lord North's bills to
Washington, III., 98.

Leads expedition into Connecticut, III.,
174-175.

Tub Conspiracy, IV., 450-451.
Tuckaubatchee.

Tecumseh at, V., 276.

Floyd's repulse of Creeks at, V., 453.

Tucker, Thomas T.

Opposes duty on malt, IV., 96.

Favors bounty on steel, IV., 96.

Advocates general reduction in duties, IV.,

99.

Attacks anti-slavery petition, IV., 310.

Tucson, Ariz., Population of, in 1910, I., 6.

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