Defeated at battle of Tippecanoe, V., 273276.

Jackson's campaign among the Creeks, V., 442-456.

Quarrel between the Creeks, Cherokees, and Georgia, VI., 297-304, 363-368.

The Black Hawk War, VI., 478-480.

The Seminole War, VI., 480–483; VII., 1518.

The Modoc Indian uprising, IX., 455-456. The Sioux uprising and the Custer massacre, IX., 456-458.

War with the Nez Percé, X., 3.
Capture of Sitting Bull, X., 3-4.
War with the Shoshones, Bannocks, and
Cheyennes, X., 4.

The Ute and Apache uprisings, X., 4-5.
Capture of Geronimo, X., 33-34.
Subjugation of the Sioux, X., 34-35.

Indigo.

Becomes an important product of South Carolina, II., 39, 185-186.

Introduced in Louisiana, II., 66.

Production of, in the colonies, II., 184186.

Exports of, II., 187.

Exportation from colonies limited to England, II., 205.

Bounty granted on, II., 207.

Industrial Combinations. See TRUSTS.
Industrial Depressions. See PANICS.
Industrial Workers of the World, X., 419.
Industries.

Establishment of, at Jamestown by Smith,
I., 164.

Renewed attempts to establish, I., 176.
Prohibitions of certain manufactures in
New Netherland, I., 192.

Establishment of, at New Amsterdam, I.,
194.

Beginnings of, in New Sweden, I., 196. Provisions for, in the Charter of Privileges and Exemptions, I., 199.

Provisions relating to, in New England
charter, I., 228-232.

Provisions relating to, in grant to Gorges,
I., 234-235.

Provisions relating to, in New Plymouth

charter, I., 237-238.

Provisions relating to, in Massachusetts charter, I., 245 et seq.

Establishment of salt-works on Chesapeake

Bay, I., 271.

Attempt to establish new industries in New England, I., 323.

Industries-Continued.

Industries

Encouragement given to, by Virginia, I., 371-372.

Growth of, in South Carolina, II., 39.
Paper mill established in Pennsylvania, II.,

172.

The search for gold and silver, II., 178. Establishments of salt-works, saw-mills and iron-furnaces, II., 178-180. Manufacture of tools begun, II., 180. British restrictions on American manufactures, II., 180-181, 207-209.

Ship-building, lumbering and other industries, II., 181-182.

Colonial encouragement of domestic manufactures, II., 231-232, 256, 264, 271. Condition of, after Revolution, III., 343. Stimulated by increase of population, IV.,

41.

Effect of English policies on, IV., 41.
Ship-building, IV., 41-42.

Textile and other industries, IV., 42-44. Organization of the Society for the Promotion of Arts, Agriculture and Economy, IV., 43.

Introduction of the factory system, IV., 47.
Introduction of the spinning jenny, IV., 48.
Hamilton's report on manufactures, IV.,
126; IX., 224-225.

Growth of, to 1800, IV., 485-486.
Growth of, to 1812, V., 311-312.

Encouragement to home industries, V., 312-313.

Gallatin's report on manufactures, V., 314315; IX., 228.

Potter demands protection for Rhode Island industries, V., 381; VI., 46. Removal of tax on cotton mills in New Jersey, VI., 110.

Enactments by States to encourage, VI.,

119.

Petitions to Congress for protection to, VI., 119-120, 189-190.

Formation of the American Society for the Encouragement of American Manufactures, VI., 120.

Depression of, in 1816 to 1819, VI., 122, 177.

Growth of cotton and other industries, VI., 258-259.

Ruin of the woolen industry, VI., 264. Effect of slavery on, VIII., 18-19. Confederate activities in industry and trade, VIII., 139–146.

Effect on, of repudiation of Southern debts, IX., 145-146.

Business revival in North after 1862, IX., 147-148.

Failures during the war, IX., 148-149. Growth of manufactures during the war, IX., 160.

Rank of manufacturing States, IX., 160. Production of whisky and beer, IX., 160161.

Stimulation of the cotton and woolen industries, IX., 161-162.

Inventions during the Civil War period,
IX., 162.

Government manufactories, IX., 162-163.
Employment of women and apprentices in
the industries, IX., 171-172.
Introduction of labor-saving machinery,
IX., 172.

Dividends paid by manufacturing establishments in the South, IX., 190.

Lack of manufactures in the South, IX., 198.

Capital invested in manufacturing and mining, IX., 223.

Industrial characteristics of early national life, IX., 225.

Inventions and patents, 1790-1860, IX., 226. Manufacture of textile machinery, IX., 226– 227.

Statistics of textile industries, IX., 227. Number of establishments, capital invested, and value of products in 1850, IX., 227. Leading products of the various States,

IX., 227-228.

Value of leading products, 1850-1860, IX., 227-228, 232.

Coal mining, IX., 228-229.

Illuminating and mineral oils, IX., 229–230. The iron industry, IX., 230-231. Production of gold and copper, IX., 231. Introduction of the factory system in the textile industry, IX., 258-259.

Effects of machine production on the cotton industry, IX., 259.

Effect of the factory system on the boot and shoe industry, IX., 260.

Entrance of women and children in the industrial field, IX., 260.

Tardy industrial development of the South, IX., 260-261.

Prosperity of, in 1879, X., 1I.

The trust problem becomes prominent, X., 38-39.

The Sherman anti-trust law, X., 46-47. Trusts fostered under Dingley tariff, X., 76-77.

Industries-Continued.

Ingersoll, Jared.

Signs Constitution, III., 497.
Counsel for Blount, IV., 341.

Gives legal opinion to Yrujo, V., 50.
Refuses to try impeachment case, V., 101.
Defeated for Vice-Presidency, V., 373, 376.

Ingersoll, Col. Robert G. (Fed.).

Captured by Forrest, VIII., 250.

Calls Blaine the "plumed knight,” IX., 470. Ingham, Samuel D.

Opposes Calhoun's Bank scheme, VI., 51.
Favors protective tariff, VI., 113.

tion, VI., 347-348.

Requested to resign, VI., 386.

Favors single standard of coinage, VI., 421. Ingle, Richard, Attempts to usurp Maryland government, I., 282–283.

Ingoldsby, Richard.

Persuades Sloughter to arrest Leisler, II., 2.
Becomes acting governor, II., 9.

Ingraham, Capt. D. N.

Demands Koszta's release, VII., 318.

On the Palmetto State, VIII., 287.

Initiative and Referendum, Provided for in Williams' charter for Providence Plantations, I., 329.

Inoculation, Experiments conducted in, at Boston, I., 462.

Insane. See DEFECTIVES.

Insular Cases, The, X., 196-197.
Insurance.

Increase of life insurance during the Civil
War, IX., 151.

The first accident insurance company, IX.,

151.

Mutual relief associations, IX., 151.

Fire insurance, IX., 151.

The insurance scandal, X., 272.

Insurgent Movement.

Beginning of, X., 278.

Growth of, X., 288-289. Intemperance, IX., 269. Intercolonial Wars.

The first, I., 437-452.

Second and third, I., 452-474.
Fourth, II., 75 et seq.

Interior, Department of the, Creation and work

of, IX., 317; X., 469, 487.

Interior, Secretaries of the

Thomas Ewing, VII., 279.

Alexander H. H. Stuart, VII., 292.

Robert McClelland, VII., 317.

Jacob Thompson, VII., 387.

Caleb B. Smith, VII., 477.
O. H. Browning, IX., 377.
Jacob D. Cox, IX., 400.
Columbus Delano, IX., 440.
Carl Schurz, X., I.

Samuel J. Kirkwood, X., 14.
Henry M. Teller, X., 16.
L. Q. C. Lamar, X., 24.
William F. Vilas, X., 24.
John W. Noble, X., 41.
Hoke Smith, X., 51.

Interstate Commerce

Interior, Secretaries of the-Continued. Cornelius N. Bliss, X., 74.

Ethan A. Hitchcock, X., 74, 251.

Richard A. Ballinger, X., 276.

Walter L. Fisher, X., 282.

List of, X., 535.

Internal Improvements.

Early canals planned and constructed, IV., 130.

Chartering of turnpike corporations, V., 303. Founding of the Coast Survey, V., 304. Money appropriated for the Cumberland and other roads, V., 305; IX., 343 et seq. Gallatin's report on roads, canals, harbors and rivers, V., 306; IX., 346, 347. Beginning of the Erie Canal, V., 307. Pennsylvania appropriates money for turnpikes, V., 307.

Congress discusses appropriations for, VI., 312-313.

Completion and opening of the Erie Canal, VI., 313-314.

Appropriations for, by various States, VI., 315.

Beginning of railway enterprises, VI., 316 et seq.

Congress appropriates money for surveys, VI., 320.

Debate on internal improvements, VI., 358. Beginning and extension of systematic road-building, IX., 344-346.

Canals constructed after 1812, IX., 347. State indebtedness for internal improvements, IX., 347-348.

Congress passes the river and harbor bill, X., 18.

Principal canals completed since 1860, X.,

500-501.

Irrigation and land reclamation, X., 502-503. River and harbor improvements, X., 503

505.

Internal Revenue. See TAXATION. International Industrial Assembly of North America, The, X., 410.

International Union of Bricklayers and Masons, IX., 173.

International Union of Machinists and Black

smiths, IX., 173.

Interoceanic Canal Commission. See PANAMA

CANAL.

Interposition, Right of, VIII., 6. See also KENTUCKY AND VIRGINIA RESOLUTIONS;

NULLIFICATION; SECESSION.

Interstate Commerce.

Act regulating, passed by Congress, X., 35-36, 283, 317.

Interstate Commerce

Interstate Commerce-Continued.

The three periods of interstate commerce,
X., 364.

Humble proportions of our internal trade
from 1789 to 1815, X., 365-366.
Expansion of interstate commerce from
1815 to 1860, X., 366 et seq.

Freight rates between East and West, X.,
367.

Railway development to 1860, X., 367-368.
Importance of seaports, X., 368–369.
Growth of, after 1860, X., 369 et seq.
Railway development since 1860, X., 371.
The coastwise trade, X., 371-372.
Trade on the lakes and rivers, X., 372.
See also COMMERCE.

Interstate and Intercolonial

and Relations.

Controversies

Dispute between Minuit and Bradford over trade with Indians, I., 191-192. Expulsion of the Dutch from Connecticut, I., 194.

Clayborne's attempts to usurp Maryland

government, I., 280-284; II., 140-141. Disputes between the Dutch and the New Englanders, I., 292-293, 295.

Settlement of the boundary controversy between the Dutch and New England colonies, I., 296.

Further disputes between New Netherland and Maryland and New England, I., 300301.

Dispute between Andros and Carterets over New Jersey, I., 311-313.

New York's dispute with New Jersey over Staten Island, I., 314.

Baltimore's dispute with Penn, I., 380, 402403; II., 19, 141-142.

First, second and third intercolonial wars, I., 437-474.

Territorial and boundary disputes between Massachusetts and other colonies, I., 466-467; II., 143-146.

Inventions

Interstate and Intercolonial Controversies and Relations-Continued.

sey, Connecticut and Pennsylvania, and other colonies, II., 146-148.

Controversy between Virginia and Pennsylvania over Western lands brings on Dunmore's War, II., 288.

The Maryland-Virginia boundary controversy, III., 416 et seq.

Dispute between Virginia and Pennsyl

vania over fugitive slave, IV., 313.

Dispute over the Yazoo lands, IV., 201202, 474; V., 77 et seq.

Dispute between New York and New Jersey over Fulton's monopoly of the Hudson, V., 309.

The quarrel between Georgia, the Presi-
dent and the Cherokee and Creek In-
dians, VI., 297-304.

The Toledo War between Ohio and Mich-
igan, VI., 474-476.
Controversies between

Northern and

Southern States over fugitive slaves,
VII., 170-174; IX., 208-209.
Boundary disputes between Maryland and
Virginia, Rhode Island and Massachu-
setts, Virginia, Kentucky, and Ten-
nessee, and Georgia and Florida, IX.,
206-208.

Controversies over territory, IX., 208.
The debt controversy between Virginia
and West Virginia, X., 302.

The Louisiana bond dispute, X., 303.
The controversy between South Dakota
and North Carolina over interest on
bonds, X., 303.

Disputes over fugitives from justice, X.,
303-304.

Controversies over quarantine regulations,
X., 304.

Dispute between Missouri and Illinois over

water pollution, X., 304. Intrepid, The, V., 90-91. Loss of, V., 93.

Inventions.

Of the Indians, I., 48-51.

Steamboats of Rumsey, Fitch, Ormsbee, Morey, and Stevens, III., 330-331. Establishment of the patent system, IV., 145-146.

Models of inventions destroyed by fire. IV., 146.

The cotton gin and spinning jennies, IV., 146-147; IX., 258-259.

Introduction of gas light, VI., 306-307.
The steamboat, VI., 311.

The first American patent for a locomotive, VI., 318, note.

The harvester, breech-loading gun, and sewing machine, VII., 430.

Reapers, mowers and other agricultural implements, IX., 155-156, 226.

Summary of inventions during the Civil War period, IX., 162.

Invention of the Morse telegraph alphabet, IX., 245.

The Bell telephone, X., 381.

Iowa.

Formation of, I., 5.

Area, population, chief cities, and date admitted, I., 6, 10.

Lotteries forbidden in, VII., 132.

Electoral vote of, in 1848, VII., 260.
Electoral vote of, in 1852, VII., 314.
Democratic defeat in, VII., 353-354.
Electoral vote of, in 1856, VII., 384.
Electoral vote of, in 1860, VII., 429.
Response of, to Lincoln's call for volun-
teers, VIII., 22.

Republican success in, VIII., 355.
Electoral vote of, in 1864, IX., 85.
Population of, 1850-1870, IX., 156.

Value of lands in, 1850-1860, IX., 218219.

Educational progress in, IX., 264 et seq.
Constitutions adopted by, IX., 328.
Militia furnished by, X., III.
Property values in, 1860, 1870, and 1909,

X., 310, 313.

Iron-Continued.

Irrigation Canals

The first iron works in America, I., 176;
II., 178-180.

Manufacture of, in colonies interdicted by
Parliament, II., 180–181, 208.

Exportation of, from colonies limited to
England, II., 218.

Value of exports from Pennsylvania, IV.,
51.

Iron furnaces in operation, V., 303.
Value of manufactures of, V., 314.
Consumption and importations of, VI., 122.
Increase in duties on, VI., 122-123.
Duty on, in tariff of 1824, VI., 263.
Duty on, reduced in 1832, VI., 380.
Duty again reduced in 1842, VII., 76.
Establishment of iron furnaces in the Con-
federate States, VIII., 140.

Duty on, increased in 1862, VIII., 213.
Internal tax on, VIII., 401.

Production of, during Civil War, IX., 158.
First wrought iron I-beams rolled by
Cooper, IX., 162.

Value of manufactures of, in 1860, IX., 232.
Remission of tax on, IX., 402.

Reduction in duty on, IX., 411, 448.

Production and exports of, X., 320-321, 328. Iron Molders' International Union, IX., 173. Iroquois, The (Fed.), At New Orleans, VIII., 158.

Iroquois Indians.

Culture of, I., 31.

Characteristics of, I., 36-37.

1999.

Myths of, I., 46.