The Origin of the Late War: Traced from the Beginning of the Constitution to ... - George Lunt - Google Books

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CONTENTS.

Statement of the Question.-General Sentiment of the Country, in regard to Slavery, be-

fore the War.-Condition of the Negroes in the North and in the South.-The Slaves

of Jonathan Edwards.-The Declaration of Independence, and Mr. Jefferson's Com-

ment.-A Provision of the Constitution, and Votes of Northern Members of the

Convention. Alexander Hamilton in "The Federalist" upon the Mixed Character of

Slaves.-Washington, in regard to a Fugitive Slave.-The Ordinance of 1787.-The

Resolution of Congress in 1790.-Views of Southern Members at that Time.-Article

X. of the Constitution.—Memorials to Congress for Abolition in the District of Co-

lumbia.-J. Q. Adams on the Subject.-Virginia and other States early for Emanci-

pation by Gradual Process, but set back by Abolition Movements in the North.

Sectionalism.-The Right of Petition.-The District of Columbia.-The Missouri Com-

promise.-State of Political Parties.-The Tariff Question.-"Aggression,”—Mr.

Jefferson, on the Missouri Question.-Admission of States before 1820.-Territories

Organized in Conformity with the Wishes of the Inhabitants.-State of Sentiment at

the North-Southern Youths in Northern Colleges.-Northern School-books-Exag-

gerated Descriptions of Slavery at the South,

The former "Federalist" and "Republican" Parties.-Political Questions during Mr.

Monroe's Administration, and that of Mr. Adams and General Jackson.-Certain

Sources of Good Feeling between the Sections.-West Indian Emancipation.-George

Thompson.-Anti-Abolition Meeting in Boston.-John Henry.-Great Britain and

the United States.-Washington's Advice.-Mr. Roebuck's Speech at Sheffield, June

10th, 1865.-Progress of Abolition.-Views of President Jackson, Governor Marcy,

Governor Everett, and Mr. Clay,

"Aggression" against the South in Active Operation at the North for Thirty Years be-

fore the War.-Resolutions of Congress, in 1886.-Action of the Legislature of Massa-

chusetts upon the Resolutions of Five Southern States-Conflict in Congress, in re-

gard to Abolition Memorials, in 1837.-Its Resolution.-Remarks of Mr. Benton upon

the Result.-The "Partisan Leader."-Mr. Van Buren.-The "21st-Rule."-The

Whig Party. The Liberty Party.-The Shufflers among the Northern Democratic

The Political Canvass of 1840.-The Whig Party Success.-A Whig Governor's Abolition

Address to the Massachusetts Legislature, in 1844.-Revolutionary Resolutions of the

same Legislatur, their Presentation in Congress, and the Disposition made of them.

-Resolutions of United States House of Representatives.-Appointment of a Massa-

chusetts Commissioner to Charleston, South Carolina, and his Reception.-Its Effect.

-The Expediency of the Measure considered.-Repoal of the "21st Rule."-The

Texas Question.-The State of Parties.-Dissolution menaced by the Legislature of

Massachusetts, in 1845,

The Whig Party and Democratic Party compete with each other for Liberty Party Votes.

"The Higher Law."-The "Slave_Power."-The Uniformly Superior Physical

Power of the North.-Mr. Cass and Mr. Seward in the Senate.-President Taylor.-

Condition of Slavery.-National Greatness does not consist in the Extent of Popu-

lation, or any mere Physical Causes,

State of Public Sentiment at the Close of the Year 1849.-California and New Mexico.-Mr.

Webster's Speech of March 7th, 1850.-Trimming Politicians.-Sentimental Politicians.

-The Church as a Political Engine.-M. Clay's Compromise Resolutions.-Petition for

Dissolution of the Union.-Mr. Hale, Mr. Seward, and Mr. Chase vote to receive it.—

Washington's Farewell Address.-Mr. Calhoun's Resolutions.-Action of Southern

Members of Congress.-Mr. Webster.-The Compromise Measures of 1850.-State

Sovereignty. The Fugitive Slave Laws of 1798 and of 1850.-The Missouri Compro-

mise abrogated by the Measures of 1850,
178

The Several Compromises in regard to Slavery.-Death of Mr. Calhoun.-Death of President

Taylor. The "Seward Whigs" and Mr. Webster's 7th of March Speech-Political

Calm after the Passage of the Measures of 1850.-The Conservative Interest strongly in

the ascendant.-The Fugitive Slave Act and " Personal Liberty Bills."-Sectional Senti-

ment and its Local Causes.-Coalition of 1851, between Democrats and Freesoilers in

Massachusetts, to choose a Senator in place of Mr. Webster, and State Officers.-Rescues

of Fugitive Slaves, and Rendition of them.-Mr. Choate.-Demoralizing Influence of

the Coalition,
.209

National Politics.-Union Sentiment.-Mr. Fillmore's Administration.-The Democratic

National Convention of 1852.-It adopts fully the Compromises of 1850.-The Whig

National Convention of that Year does the same.-Resolutions of the Freesoil Conven-

tion at Pittsburg, denouncing those Measures.-Insignificance of the latter Party, at

that Period.-Action of the Whig Convention.-Availability, instead of Sound Policy.-

Growing Conservatism of the Democracy.-The Native American Party.-How com-

posed.-Its National Council," in 1855, adopts the Compromises of 1850.-But its

"Lodges" corrupted by admitting Political Freesoilers into Fellowship.-The

"National Council," in 1856, changes Front.-Decay of Public Virtue.-The faithful

of the old Whig Party.-Policy of the Democrats,

Administration of President Pierce.-Position of the Democratic Party.-President

Pierce's Message to Congress in December, 1853.-" Domestic Controversies passing

away."-The Civil War began in Kansas-Statement of the Question in regard to

Kansas.-Mr. Webster's Views of the Effect of the Compromise of 1850.-Mr. Clay's

Opinion of the Impolicy of an Imaginary Line.-The Bill for the Organization of the

Territory passes the House, making no Mention of Compromise or Slavery, and is

introduced into the Senate by Mr. Douglas, from the Committee on Territories, with-

out amendment.-The Debate in the Senate chiefly in regard to the Rights of the

Aborigines.-The Bill laid on the Table, for further Consideration of this Topic, and not

taken up during the Session.-At the next Session, Mr. Douglas introduces (January

4th, 1854) an Amendment to the Bill, proposing the Specific Repeal of the Missouri

Compromise.-The large Majority in favor of it.-Memorials to Congress, in opposi-

tion to its Passage-one from three thousand and fifty Clergymen of New England.-

Effect of this Clerical Movement upon the Public Mid-Final Passage of the Bill by

the House.-Action of the North.-The "Emigrant Aid" Companies.-Secret Associa-

tion of Members of Congress to resist the Objects of the Act.-The several Reports to

Congress-Further Proceedings as to Kansas.-Opposite Opinions of Mr. Davis and

Mr. Yancey.-Position of Mr. Douglas.-Extension of Slave Territory does not mean

Increase of Slavery.-The reasons why the Adoption of the Kansas-Nebraska Bill was

Availability as the Motive of Nomination a Mistake of the Democracy in 1856, as it was of

the Whig Party in 1852.-Seditious Legislative Proceeding.-The Nomination of Fre-

mont and Dayton the first Instance of Sectionalism, as to Candidates for the Pres-

idency and Vice-Presidency.-Party Success, on merely available Grounds, insecure.—

Southern Leaders seeking to inform themselves as to Northern Sentiment.-Visit of

Mr. Davis to New England in 1858.-Mr. Toombs gives a Lecture in Boston.—Mr.

Lincoln's Opinion of the State of Union Sentiment at the South, during the War. 810

Hostility to a fundamental Provision of Law led to the War.-Other Causes which

concurred.-Mr. Webster's Expression-“ A Bargain broken on one side is broken on

all Sides," in 1851, showing his Opinion of the State of Things at that Period.—The

Book, called "The Impending Crisis of the South," recommended by Republican

Members of Congress and others.-The "Harper's Ferry Invasion"

Want of Fidelity to the Constitution placed the Country in Circumstances tending to Open

Rupture." Historicus."-The Necessity of Strict Adherence to Constitutional Pro-

visions in a Republic.-The Danger still before the Country.-The South, in a Con-

stitutional Point of View.-Ex-Governor Andrew before a Committee of the Senate.—

The "People" did not bring about the War.-The Disunionists, in both Sections, to

whom it was owing, few in Number.-Governor Banks willing to let the Union slide."

-A State Flag.-A Revolutionary Relic.-Mr. Quincy.-Red Republicans.-Mr. Johr

P. Hale's Opinion of the Likelihood of Dissolution if Lincoln should not be elected.

The several Party Conventions for the Nomination of President and Vice-President in the

Spring of 1860-the Democratic, the Constitutional Union, and the Republican.-The

Doings of each stated, and those of the Democratic and Republican Parties particularly

What has been shown in this Volume.-A Declaration of Mr. Lincoln, in 1858.-The

Prospects of the Canvass.-" Union-savers."-The Sentiment of the Army.-The Differ-

ence between the Whigs and the Freesoil Party.-The Election.-How Resentment at

the West, on account of alleged Ill-Treatment of Mr. Douglas, favored the Election of

Mr. Lincoln.-The Party of "Progress."-Young America,

After the Election, the Country first awoke to the Situation.-The Conservatives had the

decided Majority in the Senate, and the Control of the House.-The majority of the

Republicans in the North opposed to all Violent Measures, besides the strong Demo-

cratic and Conservative Strength in that Quarter.-The Majority at the South opposed

to Secession. Movements at the North to procure the Repeal of the "Personal

Liberty Bills," by Ex-Chief-Justice Shaw, Mr. Curtis, lately Associate Justice of the

United States Supreme Court, and others.-Public Meetings of Citizens.-Ridiculed

by the Radical Journals-Governor Andrew on the "Clean Hands" of Massachusetts.-

The Concession required to save War really slight.-But the Radicals determined to

force Matters to an Issue.-Mr. Wade, Senator from Ohio.-Mr. F. P. Blair in regard

to Mr. Chase.-Opinion of Mr. Weed, late Editor of the Albany Journal.-Description

of Disunionists, North and South, by Mr. Andrew Johnson, now President of the

United States.-The New York Tribune.-General Scott,

Not easy to define the precise Points upon which rested the Alternative of War or Pence,

before South Carolina passed the Ordinance of Secession.-Friendly Feelings between

the Majority of the People, North and South.-Mr. Beecher's Definition of the Cause.

--After the Secession of South Carolina the Breach could have been easily repaired.-

The Leaders of the "Geographical " Party the Obstacle.-The Question really not in the

Hands of the People, who dreaded the Idea of War for the Sake of the Union, but of

the Radical Party Managers.-The Mistake of the People in choosing such Men to

Office.-It was in Contravention of the Purposes of the Constitution,

Mr. Buchanan's History of his Administration.-His embarrassing Position.-Unanimous

Vote of Approbation by the Legislature of Massachusetts.-Anxious Waiting for the

Meeting of Congress.-A "John Brown" Incident in Boston.-Official Opinion upon

*Coercion," of the Attorney-General of the United States.-Conciliatory Propositions

in the Albany Journal, a leading Republican Paper in the Interest of Mr. Seward.-

Upon Motion of Mr. Boteler, of Virginia a Committee of One from each State (83)

appointed, to consider and report upon "the present Perilous Condition of the Coun

try."-Mr. Powell, of Kentucky, moves in the Senate for a Committee of Thirteen.-

Proposition of Mr. Andrew Johnson in the Senate.-Speech of Mr. Wade, of Ohio.-

He does not "so much blame the People of the South."-Allusion to the Speech by

Mr. Nicholson, of Tennessee, in the House.-Mr. Crittenden, of Kentucky, offers

Resolutions-Extracts from Speeches of Mr. Andrew Johnson.-Great Number of

Memorials in favor of the Crittenden Resolutions.-Opinion of Mr. Pugh, Senator from

Ohio, of the Popular Vote in their favor, had they been adopted by Congress.—The

New York World (Rep.) on the Effect of "one Word that way" from Mr. Seward.—

Strong Statement of Boston Daily Advertiser (Rep.) as to Popular Aversion to a War.

-Changes of Feeling.-The New York Tribune against a "Reactionary Spirit" for

Union.-Resolution of Mr. Clark, Senator from New Hampshire, to defeat the Critten-

den Propositions.-Mr. Seward disappoints Public Expectation by his Vote.-His

Speech.-Its Effect.-The "Conservative" Republican Journals become quasi radical.

-Statement of Mr. Wilson, Senator from Massachusetts.-Mr. Sumner, Senator from

Massachusetts, on "the Barbarism of Slavery."-The "Irrepressible Conflict."--Inter-

position of Virginia.-The Appointment of Commissioners to the "Peace Conference."

-Messrs. Shurz, Chandler, and Bingham.-Mr. Chase on this Subject.-The Spirit of

the Radicals.-The Conference.-Its Propositions,

Fair Basis of Settlement in the Propositions of the Peace Conference; but they were

carried only by bare Majorities.-The Crittenden Resolutions.-The Committee of

Thirteen.—Mr. Toombs's Statement of its Spirit.-Mr. Douglas on the Resolutions.—Mr.

Crittenden's Opinion of their Effect, had they been adopted.-Mr. Pugh and Mr.

Douglas, as to the readiness of Mr. Davis and Mr. Toombs to accept them, if agreed

to by the Republican Members.-Resolutions already rejected by the House, lost in

the Senate, by a Majority of One, Mr. Seward not voting.-The two-thirds Vote

necessary to give them Effect could not have been obtained, had all the Southern

Senators been present.-Mr. Douglas's Statement that many of the Republican Leaders

desired Dissolution and War.-Mr. Everett's Letter, of February 24, 1861, to the

"Union" Meeting at Faneuil Hall, in Opposition to "Coercion," and stating the Party

Obstacles to Adjustment.-Certain Anti-Abolition Resolutions pass the House.-The

Faint-heartedness of the Class of Republican Leaders, who were Union Men, but afraid

of breaking up their Party, prevented the Settlement,

Inauguration of Mr. Lincoln.-His Character.-The Grand Question at the Time how to

avoid War.-Mr. Everett's Favorable Position to judge, and his Opinion.-Resolutions of

a pacific Spirit pass the House by a two-thirds Vote too late, but not acted upon in thẻ

Senate. The Inaugural Address.-The Purpose only to maintain and defend the

Union.-A Disavowal of any Intent to use Force.-The Policy temporizing and con-

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