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purposes for which il is made; and Congress shall grant no | deu compensation to any public contractor, officer, agent, or krant, ofter such contract shall have been made or such serthe rendered."

This section is further changed by adding to it the first eight amendments to the Constitution of the United States, followed by this paragraph: Every law or resolution having the force of law, shall relate to but one subject, and that shail be expressed in the tille."

SECTION 10. The first paragraph is changed by striking out the following words: "emit bills of credit; also by inserting the word "or" between the word "attainder" and the words "er post facto."

The third paragraph is changed by inserting after the word "tonnige," the following words: "except on seagoing sels, for the improvement of its rivers and harbors navigated by the said vessels; but such duries shall not conflict with any treaties of the Confederate States with foreign nations; and any surplus of revenue thus derived shall, after | making such improvement, be paid into the common Treaswry; nor shall any State". Also the following clause is added to this paragraph: "But when any river divides or foes through two or more States, they may enter into compacts with each other to improve the navigation thereof "

ARTICLE II.

SECTION 1. The first paragraph is so altered as to read as follows: The executive power shall be vested in a President of the Confederate States of America. He and the Vice President shall hold their offices for the term of six years; but the President shall not be re-eligible. The President and Fice President shall be elected as follows:"

The third paragraph is stricken out, and the twelfth article of the amendments to the Constitution of the United States substituted.

The fifth paragraph is changed in the following respects: the words or a citizen of the United States" are stricken out, and the words "of the Confederate States, or a citizen thereof substituted; also after the word "Constitution," the following words are insertel: or a citizen thereof born in the United States, prior to the 20th of December,

156) also the words "United States" at the close of the paragraph, are stricken out, and the words "limits of the Confederate States, as they may exist at the time of his election" are substituted.

The eighth paragraph is changed by substituting the word "enters" for the word "enter."

The last paragraph is changed by striking out the words "of the United States" at the close, and substituting the word "thereof."

SECTION 2. The second paragraph is changed by adding thereto the words following: "The principal officer in each of the executive departments, and all persons connected with the diplomatic service, may be removed from office at the pleasure of the President. All other civil officers of the executive department may be removed at any time by the President, or other appointing power, when their services are unnecessary, or for dishonesty, incapacity, inefficiency, misconduct, or neglect of duty; and when so removed, the removal shall be reported to the Senate, together with the reasons therefor."

The third paragraph is changed by dropping the word "up" after the word "fill."

SECTION 3. This section is changed in the following respects: the first word "He" is stricken out and the words The President'' substituted; also the word "Union" is stricken out and the word “Confederacy" substituted.

ARTICLE III.

SECTION 1. In this section the word "supreme" is stricken out and the word " Superior" substituted in the first sentence of the first paragraph.

SECTION 2. This section is changed as follows: after the clause "citizens of another State," the following clause is inserted:" where the State is plaintiff," also the next simple sentence is changed by inserting the words "claiming lands under grants' between the word "citizens" and the wordof;" also the following clause is stricken out: "between citizens of the same State claiming lands under grants of diferent States;" also the following clause is added to the first paragraph: "but no State shall be sued by a citi zen or subject of any foreign State;" also in the first part of this paragraph the following clauses: "in law and equity," and arising under this Constitution," are transposed.

In the third paragraph, in the clause "where the said crimes shall have been committed," the word "crimes" is changed to the word "crime."

ARTICLE IV.

SECTION 1. No change. SECTION 2. The first paragraph is changed by adding thereto the following clauses: "and shall have the right of

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transit and sojourn in any State of this Confederacy, with their slaves and other property; and the right of property in such slaves shail not be thereby impaired."

The third paragraph is changed in the following respects: after the first word"No" the words "slave or are inserted; also the words "one State" are stricken out, and the words "any State or Territory of the Confederate States" are substituted; also, after the word "escaping" the words "or lawfully carried into" are inserted; also the words "slave belongs, or to whom such are inserted between the word "such" and the word "service," near the close of the paragraph.

SECTION 3. The first paragraph is changed by striking out all the words to and including the word "Union," and substituting the words " Other States may be admitted into this Confederacy by a vote of two thirds of the whole House. of Representatives and two thirds of the Senate, the Senat: voting by States."

The second paragraph is changed by striking out all after the word "regulations and inserting the following clauses: "concerning the property of the Confederate States, including the lands thereof."

"The Confederate States may acquire new territory, and Congress shall have power to legislate and provide governments for the inhabitants of all territory belonging to the Confederate States lying without the limits of the several States, and may permit them, at such times and in such manner as it may by law provide, to form States to be admitted into the Confederacy. In all such territory the institution of negro slavery as it now exists in the Confederate States shall be recognized and protected by Congress and by the territorial government, and the inhabitants of the several Confederate States and territories shall have the right to take to such territory any slaves lawfully held by them in any of the States or Territories of the Confederate States."

SECTION 4. This section is changed as follows: the words is, or hereafter may become, a member of this Confederacy" in this Union" are stricken out, and the words "that now inserted: also, after the word "Legislature," the words "cannot be convened" are dropped, and the words" is not in session," substituted; also this entire section is omitted, as a section, and placed at the end of section 3, as a paragraph thereof.

ARTICLE V.

This article is stricken out entirely, and the following substituted: "Upon the demand of any three States, legally assembled in their several Conventions, the Congress shall summon a Convention of all the States, to take into consideration such amendments to the Constitution as the said States

shall concur in suggesting at the time when the said demand is made; and should any of the proposed amendments to the Constitution be agreed on by the said Convention-voting by States-and the same be ratified by the Legislatures of twothirds of the several States, or by Conventions in two-thirds thereof-as the one or the other mode of ratification may be proposed by the general Convention—they shall henceforward form a part of this Constitution. But no State shall, without its consent, be deprived of its equal representation in the Senate."

ARTICLE VI.

This article is preceded by the following paragraph: "The Government established by this Constitution is the suc cessor of the Provisional Government of the Confederate States of America, and all laws passed by the latter shall continue in force until the same shll be repealed or modified; and all the officers appointed by the same shall remain is office until their successors are appointed and qualified or the offices abolished."

The first paragraph is changed by striking out the word "Confederation" and substituting the words "Provisional Government."

In the second paragraph, the words "which shall be" following the word " States" are stricken out.

This article is also changed by adding thereto the 9th and 10th articles of the Amendments to the Constitution of the United States, as two additional paragraphs, after adding to the 9th Article the words: " of the several States."

ARTICLE VII.

The first paragraph is changed by substituting the word "five" for the word "nine" preceding the word "States." Also the following paragraph is added to the foregoing as amended:

"When five States shall have ratified this Constitution, in the manner before specified, the Congress under the Provis ional Constitution shall prescribe the time for holding the elec tion of President and Vice President; and for the meeting of the electoral college; and for counting the votes and inaugu rating the President. They shall also prescribe the time for holding the first election of members of Congress under this Constitution, and the time for assembling the same.

Until the

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to lay and collect taxes........................
to borrow money.....................................
to regulate commerce..

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to establish uniform laws of bank-
ruptcy and navigation......

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to coin money, regulate the value of

to punish counterfeiting...

coin, and fix the standard of
weights and measures...

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to authorize patents to authors and
inventors

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to dispose of and make rules con-
cerning the territory or other prop-
erty of the government........
President may convene and adjourn,
in certain cases.....

shall not appropriate money unless
it be estimated for by the head of a
department and submitted by the
President, unless by a vote of two
thirds of both Houses-or to pay
its own expenses, or claims against
the Confederacy...

Compensation, extra, to contractors,

officers, &c., not to be granted......
Compacts between two or more States
may be entered into, to improve
navigation of rivers in certain

cases.....

Constitution, how amended..

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to raise and support armies

to provide and maintain a navy........
to make rules for the government of
the army and navy..

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Coasting trade, regulated...

tors.....

Coins, Congress to fix value of foreign...
Commerce, Congress to regulate.....
such regulations to be uniform...
Commissions to be granted by the Pres-
ident...........

Common law recognized and established 7 Am'd. 1
Congress vested with legislative power...
may alter the regulations of State
legislatures concerning elections of
Senators and Representatives, ex-
cept as to place of choosing Sena-

also, except as to time and place of
choosing Senators....

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number of States to ratify to render
operative......

211

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217

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Contracts, no law impairing....

Conventions for proposing amendments
to the Constitution..

Counterfeiting, Congress to provide for
punishment of........

Court, Supreme, its original and appel-
late jurisdiction....

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Courts, inferior to the Supreme Court,
may be ordained by Congress.......
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U. S. "C." S.

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Impeachment to be brought by House
of Representatives..............
tried by the Senate.........
judgment on.......................
all civil officers liable to.....

any judicial or other federal officers
resident and acting solely in any
State, liable to, by two-thirds vote
of legislature thereof...........
Importation of Slaves, not prohibited
till 1808...

Internal Improvements, Congress shall
not have power to appropriate
money for....

Judges shall hold their offices during

good behavior.............................
their compensation

Judiciary, tribunals inferior to the Su-

preme Court may be erected......

Judicial Power vested in a Supreme
Court (or Superior Court) and in-
ferior courts.....

powers of the judiciary...

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restrictions as to suits against a State 11 Am'd.

Judicial Proceedings of cach State are
entitled to credit in all........

Jury trial secured, and shall be held,
in the State where the crime shall
have been committed.......

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Post office Department to be self-sustain-
ing after 1st of March 1863...........
Powers not delegated to Congress nor
prohibited to the States are re-
served..........

legislative,(see Congress ;) executive,
(see President;) judicial, (see Judi-
cial.)

Presents from foreign powers to public
officers prohibited.

Press, freedom of secured.........
President of the United States and of

the Confederate States vested with
executive power.....

shall be chosen for four years...........
shall be chosen for six years..
how elected................

qualifications for........

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President, not re-eligible......

who shall act in case of vacancy......
compensation of......

shall take an oath of office.......
may be removed by impeachment....
President, commander of army, navy,
and militia..

may require the written opinions of
heads of departments...

may reprieve and pardon........

may make treaties with consent of
the Senate....

may appoint to office with consent of
the Senate..........

shall fill vacancies happening during
the recess of the Senate...
shall give information to Congress
and recommend measures......
may convene both Houses or either
House........

Art. Sec. Art. Sec.

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may adjourn them in case of disa-
greement.....

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shall receive embassadors and pub-
lic ministers..

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Representatives and direct taxes, appor-
tioned according to numbers...
Represesentation of a State; vacancies
in, supplied until a new election by
executive authority....

Resolution, order, or vote, requiring
the concurrence of both Houses, to
undergo the formalities of bills......
Removal or certain civil officers to be
reported by the President to the
Senate, with his reasons therefor...
Revenue bills to originate in the House
of Representatives

Rights of the citizen declared to be priv-
ileges of citizens of the several
States....

liberty of conscience in matters of
religion.....

freedom of speech and of the press....
to assemble and petition........

to keep and bear arms.......

to be exempt from the quartering of
soldiers.....

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not to be compelled to be a witness
against himself.

5 Am'd. 1

9

4

2

8 Am'd.

1

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4 Am'd.

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not to be deprived of life, liberty, or
property without due process of
law.

private property not to be taken for
public use......

in criminal prosecutions shall have
speedy trial by jury, with all the
means necessary for his defence..... 6 Am'd.
in civil cases trial to be by jury, and
shall only be re-examined accord-
ing to common law......
excessive bail shall not be required,
excessive fines imposed, nor cruel
and unusual punishments inflicted...
enumeration of certain rights not to
operate against reserved rights......
Rules, cach house shall determine its
Own..........

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Quorum for business, what shall be a
of States, in choosing a President by
the House of Representatives..
Quartered-No soldiers to be quartered
upon a citizen...........

R.

Receipts and expenditures, accounts of,
to be published..........

Records, how to be authenticated.
Religion-no law to be made; free ex-

ercise of........

religious test not required....
Reprieves granted by the President.....
Representatives, House of, members of
chosen every second year..........
qualifications of members of........
apportionment of........

vacancies, how supplied..

shall choose their officers..

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Searches and seizures, security against.. 4 Am'd.
Senate, composed of two Senators from
each State...

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how chosen, classed, and terms of
service.....

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qualifications of Senators..

1

shall have the power of impeach-
ment.....

Vice-President to be President of the
shall choose their officers.......

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shall be the judge of the elections
and qualifications of its members...
what number shall be a quorum........
any number may adjourn, and com-
pel attendance of absentees............
may determine its rules.....
may punish or expel a member...
shall keep a journal and publish the
same, except parts requiring se-
crecy...

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shall not adjouru for more than three
days, nor to any other place, with-
out the consent of the other house..
One-fifth may require the yeas and
nays......

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shall originate bills for raising reve

may propose amendments to bills
for raising revenue.....

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shall try impeachments.....

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compensation to be ascertained by
law...

privileged from arrest, except in cer-
tain cases.

Representatives shall not be questioned
for speech or debate in the House....
shall not be appointed to office...
shall not be electors of President.......

effect of their judgment on impeach-

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may lay tonnage duty on sea-going
vessels for the improvement of riv-
ers. &e...

keeping troops or ships of war in time

of peace.....

entering into any agreement or com-
pact with another State or foreign
Power

may enter into compact for improve-
ment of certain rivers........

engaging in war ..............

States, new, may be admitted into the
Union (or Confederacy)..

new, may be admitted upon two-
thirds vote of both Houses, the Sen-
ate voting by States.....

may be formed within the jurisdic-
tion of others, or by the junction
of two or more, with the consent of
Congress and the Legislatures of
the States concerned.........
State judges bound to consider treaties.
the Constitution, and the laws
under it, as supreme....

State, every, guarantied a republican
form of government, protected by
the United (or Confederate) States
Supreme Court (See Court and Judi-
ciary.)

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Suits at Common Law, proceedings in... 7 Am'd. 1

T

Tas, direct, according to represents-
tion......

shall be laid only in proportion to

census.....

on exports prohibited..

except by vote of two-thirds of both
Houses...

Tender, what shall be a legal..
Territory, or public property, Congress
may make rules concerning.......

Tet, religious, shall not be required......
Titles, (see Nobility.)

Title from foreign State prohibited.......
Trem, defined....

two witnesses, or confession, neces-
sary for conviction.........
punishment of, may be prescribed by
Congress.....

Treasury, money drawn from only by
appropriation......

Treaties, how made.....................

the supreme law............................ ...........................................
States cannot make.

V.

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THEIR CONSTITUTION AS INTERPRETED BY THE
"CONFEDERATE" VICE PRESIDENT.

1861, March 21, ALEX. H. STEPHENS delivered
a speech at Savannah, in explanation and vin-
dication of the Constitution, from which this
is a well known extract:

"The new Constitution has put at rest forever all the
agitating questions relating to our peculiar institutions-
African slavery as it exists among us-the proper status of
the negro in our form of civilization. This was the im-
mediate cause of the late rupture and present revolution.
Jefferson, in his forecast, had anticipated this as the rock
upon which the old Union would split.' He was right.
What was conjecture with him, is now a realized fact.
But whether he fully comprehended the great truth upon
which that rock stood and stands, may be doubted. The
prevailing ideas entertained by him and most of the lead-
ing statesmen at the time of the formation of the old Con-
stitution, were that the enslavement of the African was in
violation of the laws of nature: that it was wrong in prin-
ciple, socially, morally, and politically. It was an evil they
knew not well how to deal with, but the general opinion of
the men of that day was, that somehow or other, in the
order of Providence, the institution would be evanescent
and pass away. This idea, though not incorporated in the
Constitution, was the prevailing idea at the time. The
Constitution, it is true, secured every essential guarantee to
the institution while it should last, and hence no argument
can be justly used against the constitutional guarantees
thus secured, because of the common sentiment of the day.
Those ideas, however, were fundamentally wrong. They
rested upon the assumption of the equality of races. This
was an error. It was a sandy foundation, and the idea of a
government built upon it; when the 'storm came and the
wind blew, it fell.'

"Our new Government is founded upon exactly the op
posite idea; its foundations are laid, its corner stone rests
upon the great truth that the negro is not equal to the
white man. That slavery-subordination to the superior
race, is his natural and normal condition. This, our new
Government, is the first, in the history of the world, based
upon this great physical and moral truth. This truth has
been slow in the process of its development, like all other
truths in the various departments of science. It has been
so even amongst us. Many who hear me, perhaps, can
recollect well, that this truth was not generally admitted,
even within their day. The errors of the past generation
still clung to many as late as twenty years ago. Those at
the North who still cling to these errors, with a zeal above
knowledge, we justly denominate fanatics.

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"In the conflict thus far, success has been, on our side,
complete throughout the length and breadth of the Confed-
erate States. It is upon this, as I have stated, our actual
fabric is firmly planted; and I cannot permit myself to
doubt the ultimate success of a full recognition of this prin-
ciple throughout the civilized and enlightened world.

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