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or conveniencies of life, particularly when councils of department, formed in commis. its independence and glory should be put at sion, are also called upon to give their advice stake. These circumstances have favoured on a project of the greatest utility, that of one of the greatest scourges of commerce, a rural code, so important to the prosperity smuggling. But it has been strongly repress- of agriculture, and so closely interwoven ed. The government is preparing new means with national prosperity.-In the meantime, against this foe to the public revenue, and one of the principal improvements of which national industry; the great emoluments it agriculture is capable, is daily effected by procures excites the most ardent cupidity. the re-organization of our repositories for Those, who ought not to be honoured with the breed of horses. Eight new repositories the approbation of merchants, lest we of stallions have been formed this year. should degrade commerce, are still devoting Premiums held out to the owners of the themselves to criminal peculations; they best horses brought to the fairs, rewards think that they are only braving the shame decreed at the departmental races, are so many of an ordinary transgression; but the pub- additional means of favouring the production lic indignation and vengeance will overtake of the most eligible species of this animal. them, and teach them that under circum-Two new sheep farms have been introdustances where the nation employs for its defence, in an unexampled war, the interdiction of all commercial relatione with the enemy, the violation of thess dispositions is an hostile declaration, a true alliance with this same enemy; that consequently every sinuggler renounces the benefit of the municipal laws, to be subjected solely to those of war, and that he ought to dread the terrible and rapid applicafion of those laws, which authorise the invasion of his fortune and personal castigation. The government, penetrated with the situation of the French commerce, has strove to mitigate the evils, to provide for its wants. -Abroad, a treaty with the kingdom of Italy secures to France all the advantages which are compatible with the reciprocal justice. In the interior, various sums, which have been advanced to manufacturers and proprietors of produce, which public events had accumulated or cramped in their stores.The Caisse d'Armortissement has interfered in the outfittings of adventurers.

A law has limited the bounds of the interest on money; offices established at Lyons and at Rouen are prelusive to a grand system of facility in the circulation of the numerary and merchandize -The exchange and the commercial tribunal of Paris see rising for their accommodation a stately palace, on the scite of the nunnery of St. Thomas, -Conformably to the new code, an organisation of the tribunals of commerce of the empire is preparing. The prefects, the courts of appeal have been consulted on the most eligible scites for these tribunals, as well as on the subject of their number, the judges and their surrogates. A general project has been submitted to the discussion of the council of state, and to the sanction of his majesty.

Agriculture. The prefects, the courts of appeal, and of the members of the general

ced. Six hundred Merinos, of the best` breed, have been ordered from Spain, and they are already arrived in France, notwithstanding the variety of obstacles that have occurred on their passage. They will be divided in two new establishments, as yet in embryo. The multiplication of the flocks increases rapidly, and we may consider the happy revolution introduced in this branch as completed.-May it one day be so also with the culture of cotton. In spite of the contrarieties of a hardy spring, and a toler able cold autumn, the attempts made still give room to hope for ultimate success. We are justified to augur well also of the attempts made on the subject of the syrups of the grape. The rich culture of tobacco is daily extending; that which is gathered in the vicinity of St. Malo, equals in quality that of America., France will one day, to judge by appearances, not only supply its own wants with that production, but also export it to her neighbours,

The Public Treasure and Finances.-Regularity, and a judicious administration, prevail in every department of the public treasury. The national accounts are reduced to a system the most scientific and luminous; it differs from the mode adopted by the most intelligent merchants, only in the extent and necessary complication of the transactions of government.-The finances have been gradually brought by the emperor, from a state of dilapidation and confusion, to a state of order and prosperity unknown in the governments the best administered. It is a trophy raised by vigorous exertion, by combinations the most judicious, and by a perseverance which has unravelled the most intricate details, and surmounted incredible difficulties. The nation enjoys the benefits which result from this new sort of conquest. Since France has generously consented to the adoption of indirect taxation, the finan

ces have really been consolidated, and the utmost facility of carrying on the functions of every department of the public service.The finances in modern times may be considered as the security of states, and the measure of their stability. If they furnish government only with inadequate, precarious, or oppressive resources, its energies become paralyzed, individuals insolvent, and if war, or any other calamity, should visit a nation under these circumstances, it must subscribe to its own dishonour, or be involved in irretrievable ruin.-The finances of a state are not essentially and efficiently good, until they become independent of circumstances -until they can be maintained independently of the ruinous expedient of resorting❘ to loans and excessive contributions-until, in fine, they are so connected and identified with national prosperity, that they constitute a direct emanation from it; then only can they be deemed solid, efficient, permanent, and essentially national, and, particularly, if they have received an organization sufficiently simple; so that in an extraordinary emergency, all the property, and all the individuals may be called upon, promptly, to furnish their respective quotas in advance. -The endeavours of his majesty have been incessantly directed to the attainment of this desirable object, and they have been crowned by the most complete success, and the finances are calculated in future to meet with equal effect the exigences of war and of peace. In a period of peace, 600 millions will be sufficient to defray the public expences, and will leave a large surplus for national improvements. The receipts, which amount at the present moment to 800 millions, will, according to this arrangement, be reduced one-fourth.-In time of war, it is not in the contemplation of his imperial majesty to resort to the illusory expedients of imposing taxes of a novel description, or to hold out temptation to raise new supplies. The contributions on the recurrence of war will be brought back to the war standardi. e. 800 millions, and even then raised only by 100 or 150 millions at a time, in case of need; and this will be done by a simple scale, or table of proportions, which will enable every citizen to judge of the share he has in the good or bad fortune of the state.Observe, gentlemen, that this simplicity has no anity or connection with that so considerably extolled as the result of a single direct contribution; it is, on the contrary, founded on a conviction that taxes ought to be laid on various objects, that our laws of finance include all the taxes which it was expedient to establish, and that all that is

just and reasonable has been effected-It remains only to limit to the survey or regis ter, without which the uniform progress of the scale of increase or diminution would be

deficient, in proportion, and would continue to affect the proprietors of the funds actually surcharged; the making up of this register, which ought to efface so much inequality, to repair so much involuntary and inevitable injustice, is pursued with so much constancy, that those who disbelieve the practicability of this immence work, no longer doubt of its speedy execution. I must not here omit, gentlemen, the creation of the court of accounts, to the establishment of which you co-operated in your last session. We wanted a new institution, powerful in its unity, present to all the depositaries of the public property by the rapidity of its action, embracing al: the responsibility of inferior accountants connected with the public income and expenditure. This court ought, by the distribution of its duties, and the number of its members, to be adequate to all the occasions, and responsible for all the labours, that may be entrusted to it. The principles on which this establishment rests, the choice of its members, the consideration in which they are held, every thing guarantees the success the government has promised itself, that of a salutary controul over the several accountants.

Administration of the War Department. -The same principles of order, and the same views for the acceleration of the service, have influenced the general direction of the commissariat, whose first essays justify the expectation that had been formed. This administration renders the supplies of the army independent of contractors, who have so frequently done injury, at the same time that it secures the advantage of our economy, very sensible to the public funds.

Marine. Though during the present campaign the government has limited its maritime operations, still a squadron armed at Toulon, as if by enchantment, and conducted with skill, has been able to defeat, by able manoeuvres, the combinations of the enemy, by conveying to Corfu two years supplies of men, artillery, provisions, and ammunition. After having thus rendered useless the expedition with which that barrier of the Adriatic was threatened, the fleet of Admiral Gantheaume returned safe through all the difficulties of a boisterous navigation, and all the dangers of continued tempests. The colonies have in like manner been successfully supplied with provisions, by squa drons of frigates and corvettes, which, while they fulfilled that important object, bad,

Like the squadron, that went to Corfu, the advantage of making prizes of a great num. ber of the enemy's ships, richly laden. In India, prizes to the value of 15 millions have been the result of the cruises of our rigates, one of which only surrendered, and that after a glorious contest, against a superior force.-Our cruisers, in all parts of he world, and above all in the seas of India and Guadaloupe, have proved themselves formidable to the enemy. But it is not so much with a view to what it has done, but o what it may do with time, that our marine ught to be considered. Ten ships of the line, constructed in the docks of Antwerp, and fitted for sea many months since, are waiting their destination. The flotilla of Boulogne, kept up and equipped, is still in readiness to undertake the operations for which it was originally created.--Twelve ships of the line, and as many frigates, have been launched within the year, and twentyfive more, and as many frigates on the stocks, attest the activity of our dock-yards. Our ports are preserved in perfect order, and the creation of that of Cherbourg is so Far advanced, that its basin may be expected to be in a state to contain squadrons before the lapse of two campaigns.-Spezzia is about to become a second Toulon. union of almost all the coast of the Mediterranean to France, secures to our arsenals and Our ships, abundant supplies of provisions, =tores, and men. Venice, Ancona, Naples, and all the means of Holland and Italy, are

n motion.

The

The Present War-At the epoch of your Last sitting, gentlemen, every thing com pined to deliver Europe from its long agitaions; but England, the enemy of the world, still repeated the cry of perpetual war, and war continues. What the is the objectwhat will be the issue? The object of this war is the slavery of the world, by the exclusive possession of the seas. There is no Houbt, that, by subscribing treaties of bondage, disguised under the holy name of peace, nations may obtain repose; but this hameful repose would be death. In this alternative, the choice between submission and resistance could not be long doubtful.— The war which England has provoked, which he continues with so much pride and obstimacy, is the termination of the ambitious ystem which she has cherished during two centuries. Mixing in the politics of the Continent, she has succeeded in holding Euope in a perpetual agitation, and in exciting gainst France all the envious and jealous cassions. It was her wish to humble or des-. roy France, by keeping the peuple of the

continent constantly under arms; but thus detaching the maritime powers, she had the art to profit from the divisions she fomented among neighbours, in order to forward her distant conquests. In this manner she extended her colonies, and augmented her naval power; and, by the aid of that power, she hopes henceforth to enjoy her usurpa tion, and to arrogate to herself the exclusive possession of the seas.-But until these latter times, she paid at least some respect to the laws of nations; she seemed to respect the rights of her allies, and even, by some returns towards peace, allowed her enemies to breathe. This conduct is, however, no longer suitable to the developement of a system which she can no longer dissemble. All who do not promote her interests are her enemies. The abandonment of her alliance is a cause of war; neutrality is a revolt; and all the nations that resist her yoke are made subject to her cruel ravages.-it is impossible to foresee what might have been the consequence of so much audacity, had not fortune, on our part, raised up a man of a superior order, destined to repel the evils with which England threatens the world. He had also to combat the allies of that power on the continent, and to conquer the rising enemies she succeeded in creating. Always attacked, always threatened, he found it necessary to regulate his policy by that state of things, and felt that to lay the contest it was necessary to augment our forces, and weaken those of our enemies.-The emperor al ways pacific, but always armed by necessity, was not ambitious of aggrandizing the empire. Prudence always directed his views. It became necessary for him to relieve our ancient frontiers from the too near danger of sudden attacks, and to found their security on limits fortified by nature; finally, it became necessary so to separate France, by alliances from her rivals, that even the sight of an enemy's standard never could alarm the territory of the empire.-England, defeated in the disputes she so often renewed, profited however, of them to increase her wealth, by the universal monopoly of commerce.She had impoverished her allies by wars, in which they fought only for her interests. Abandoned at the moment in which their arms ceased to serve those interests, their fate became the more indifferent to her as she preserved some commercial relations with them, even while she continged at war with France. Even France herself left to the English the hope of a shameful subjugation to the want of certain objects, the privation of which they believe our generous popu-. lation could not support. They thought that

if they could not enter the territory of the empire by their arms, they might penetrate its heart by a commerce now become its most dangerous enemy, and the admission of which would have exhausted its most valuable resources.-The genius and the prudence of the emperor have not overlooked this danger. Involved in the difficulties of the continental war, he ceased not, however, to repel from his states the monopoly of English commerce. He has since completed the measures of an effectual resistance. -No one can now be deceived on this subject, since the English have declared this new kind of war, all the ports of the continent are blockaded, the ocean is interdicted to every neutral ship which will not pay to the British treasury a tribute which is meant to be imposed on the whole population of the globe. To this law of slavery other nations have replied by means of a reprisal and by wishes for the annihilation of such a tyranny.-The English nation has separated itself from every other nation. EngJand is fixed in this situation. All her social relations with the continent are suspended. She is smitten by the excommunication which she has herself provoked.-The war will henceforth consist in repelling from all points the English commerce, and in employing all the means calculated to promote that end. France has energetically concurred in the exclusion of the monopoly of com. merce; she has resigned herself to privations which long habits must have rendered more painful. Some branches of her agriculture and her industry have suffered, and still suffer, but the prosperity of the great body of the nation is not affected: she is familiarised with that transitory state, the hardship of which she beholds without fear. The allies of France, and the United States, sacrifice like her, and with a resolution equally generous, their private conveniencies. England was on the eve of the moment when her exclusion from the continent was about to be consummated: but she availed herself of the last circumstance to spread the genius of evil over Spain, and to excite in that unhappy country all the rage of furious passions. She has sought for alliances even in support of the inquisition, and even in the most barbarous prejudices. Unhappy people, to whom do you confide your destiny? To the contemners of all moral obligations-to the enemies of your religion-to those who, violating their promises, have elevated on your territory a monument of their impudence, an

affront, the impunity of which, for above a century, would bear testimony against your courage, if the weakness of your government had not been alone to blame. You ally yourself with the English, who have se often wounded your pride and your indeperdence, who have so long ravished from you. by open violence, and even in time of peace. the commerce of your colonies; who, in order to intimate to you their prohibition of your neutrality, caused their decrees to be preceded by the plunder of your treasures, and the massacre of your navigators; who, in fine, have covered Europe with proofs d their contempt for their allies, and fe the deceitful promises they had made to them. You will without doubt recover

from your error. You will then gro for the new perfidies that are reserved for you. But how much blood will for before this tardy return to your senses? The English, hitherto absent from all great con flicts, try a new fortune on the continent. They ungarrison their island, and leave t almost without defence, in the presence of an enterprising and valiant king, who com mands a French army, and who has already snatched from them the strong position of the island of Caprea. What then will be the fruit of their efforts? Can they hope to be able to exclude the French from Spa and Portugal? Can the success be doubtful The emperor himself will command his invincible legions. What a presage does the heroic army of Portugal offer to us, which, struggling against double its force, has been able to raise trophies of victory on the very land where it fought to such disadvantage, and to dictate the conditions of a glorious re treat? In preparing for a new struggle against our only enemy, the emperor bas done all that was necessary for the mainte nance of peace on the continent. He must reckon upon it without doubt, inasmuch as Austria, the only power which could disturb it, has given the strongest assurances of her disposition, in recalling her ambassador from London, and desisting from all politi cal communication with England.-Still Austria had recently made armaments, bet they took place certainly without any hos tile intention. Prudence, nevertheless, dic tated energetic measures of precaution. The armies of Germany and Italy are strengthened by levies of the new conscription. The troops of the confederation of the Rhine are complete, well organized, and disciplined.

(To be continued.)

Printed by Cox and Baylis, Great Queen Street; published by R. Bagshaw, Brydges Street, Covent Gaiden, where former Numbers may be had: sold also by J. Budd, Crown and Mitre, Pall-Mall.

VOL. XIV. No. 24.] LONDON, SATURDAY, DECEMBER 10, 1809. [PRICE 10D.

Justice gives sentence, many times,
On one man for another's crimes.
Our Brethren of New-England use
Chica Malefactors to excuse,
And hang the Guiltless in their stead,
Of whom the Churches have less need;
As lately't happen'd in a town
There liv'd a Cobbler and but one,
That out f Doctrine could cut use,
And mend men's lives as well as shoes.
This precious brother, having slain,
In times of peace an Indian,
Not out of inalice but mere zeal,
(Because he was an infidel,)
The mighty Tottipottymoy
Sent to our Elders an envoy,
197] —

SUMMARY OF POLITICS. DUKE OF YORK'S INCOME.At the Hampshire meeting for proposing an address nd petition to the king, upon the subject of he Convention of Cintra, 1 made a stateDent of the sums, which the Duke of York nually receives from the public taxes, which statement was as follows: L. Pension to himself and Duchess 18,000 As Colonel of the Guards .... As Commander-in-Chief .... Worth of public Lands &c. granted him.. Interest upon 54,000l. lent him

6,000

8,000

16,000 2,700 £50,700

the printing there was an error of £2,000, under the head of Commander-inChief, which, as appears from the total, as ated in print, should have been eight thouand; and not ten thousand.- In contraiction to this statement, which the Morning ast, I think it was, charged upon me as reatly exaggerated, another statement has ppeared. I have not the paper now at hand, ut, the substance of it is as follows: That e profits of the three battalions of Guards, f which the Duke of York is Colonel, do ot exceed £3,000 a year; that his pay d allowances as Commander-in-Chief do ot exceed £3,300 a year; that, for being Colonel of the 60th Regiment (four or five talions, I believe) he receives only about 4227 a year for paper, pens, and ink; that, s to the grant of lands, which I valued so ghly, Oatlands was bought with his own oney; and that, with respect to the Forest opointments, he received not one farthing, ed that all he was entitled to, upon this Lore was, a portion of the venison, killed

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Complaining serely of the breach

Of league, held forth by Brother Patch,
Against the articles in force

Between both Churches, his and ours,

For which he crav'd the Saints to render
Into his hands, or hang, th' offender;
But they, maturely having weigh'd
They had no more but him o' th' trade,
(A man that serv'd them in a double
Capacity, to teach and cobble)
Resolv'd to spare him; yet to do
The Indian Hoghan Moghan too
Impartial Justice, in his stead did

HANG AN OLD WEAVER that was bedrid.

HUDIBRAS.

[898

in the New Forest, of which he is the Ranger, or Warden, I forget which.Now, as to the profits of the Colonelship, though this writer talks of a Report upon the subject before the House of Commons, it would puzzle him, I believe, to point out that report. Thirty years ago, the profits of a battalion of 400 men, were considered worth £700 a year; and, I ask the reader if there be the slightest probability, that, taking the depreciation of money into view, the profits of 3,000 men should not now exceed £6,000 a year? The mere pay of the Commander-in-Chief is not the thing to be looked at. We must include the houses, the firing, the candles, the equipage of every description; because all these are paid for in consequence of there being a Commander-in Chief, who is benefitted by the use of them all, and who, while he is using them, cannot use his own. I reckon nothing for patronage, because I proceed upon the supposition, that no money, or pecuaiary advantage, in any way whatever, is derived from it; but, it must be evident to every one, that, supposing all appointments and promotions to be made without improper motives, such immense patronage must, in any aind of moderate munificence, supply the place of many of the purposes, for which a great pecuniary income might be wished for. It is not to purchase eatables and drinkables that a nobleman, and especially a prince, can want, or wish for, money. Such a person naturally wishes to have power; power consists in the goodwill, or obedience to your wishes, of other men; and, one or the other of these the almost unlimited power of advancing others in life cannot fail to insure you.With respect to the Forest offices, the reader will

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