on the throne of Spain. V. The principality of the Algarves shall be held by the Prince of Peace hereditarily, and according to the laws of succession which are established in the family on the throne of Spain. VI. If there should be no descendants or legitimate heirs of the king of Northern Lusitania, or of the prince of the Algarves, these countries shall be disposed of by investure by the king of Spain in a manner so that they shall never be united under one head or annexed to the crown of Spain. VII. The kingdom of Northern Lusitania, and the principality of the Algarves shall acknowledge as protector his catholic majesty the king of Spain, and in no case the sovereigns of those countries shall make peace or war without his consent. VIII. In case that the provinces of Beira, Tras los Montes, and Portuguese Estramadura, held in sequestration, should devolve at a general peace to the house of Braganza, in exchange for Gibraltar, Trinidad, and other colonies which the English have conquered from Spain and her allies, the new sovereign of these provinces shall have, with respect to his catholic majesty the king of Spain, the same obligations as the king of Northern Lusitania, and the prince of Algarves, and sball hold them under the same conditions. IX. His majesty the king of Etruria cedes the kingdom of Etruria, in full property and sovereignty, to his majesty the emperor of the French and king of Italy. X. As soon as the provinces of Portugal shall be definitively occupied, the different princes who are to possess them shail mutually appoint commissioners to ascertain their natural boundaries. XI. His majesty the emperor of the French and king of Italy guarantees to his catholic majesty, the king of Spain, the possession of his dominions on the continent of Europe, situated to the south of the Pyrenees. XII. His majesty the emperor of the French and king of Italy, engages to recognize his catholic majesty, the king of Spain, as emperor of the two Americas, when every thing is ready for his majesty's assuming that title, which may be either at the general peace, or at farthest within three years therefrom. XIII. The two high contracting powers shall mutually agree upon an equal partition of the islands, colonies, and other transmarine possessions of Portugal. XIV. The present treaty shall be kept secret. It shall be ratified, and the ratification shall be exchanged at Madrid, within twenty days, at the latest, from the date of its signature.-Done at Fontainbleau, October 27, 1808 (Signed) DUROC.—E. IZQUIERDO. We have approved, and do hereby ap prove, of the preceding treaty, and all and every of the articles therein contained. We declare it to be accepted, ratified, and confirmed; and promise that it shall be inviolably observed. In witness whereof, we have executed these presents, signed with our own hands, and sealed with our imperial seal, at Fontainbleau, the 29th day of Oct. 1807. (Signed) NAPOLEON. The minister of foreign affairs, CHAMPAGNY. The secretary of state, MARET. No. II.-Secret Convention concluded at Fontainbleau between his Majesty the King of Spain and his Majesty the Emperor of the French, by which the two high contracting Parties adjust all that relates to the Occupation of Portugal.-At Fontain bleau, 27th October, 1807. Napoleon, by the grace of God and the contitution, emperor of the French, king of Italy, and protector of the confederation of the Rhine, having seen and examined the convention concluded, arranged, and signed, at Fontainbleau, on the 27th of October, 1807, by the general of division Michael Duroc, grand marshal of our palace, grand cordon of the legion of honour, &c. &c. in virtue of the full powers with which we thereto conferred upon him, on the one side; and on the other side by D. Eugenio Izquierdo de Ribera y Lezaun, honorary councillor of state and of war to his majesty the king of Spain, equally furnished with full powers by his sovereign-the tenor of which convention is as follows:- His majesty the emperor of the French, king of Italy, and protector of the confederation of the Rhine, and his catholic majesty the king of Spain, being desirous of entering into an arrangement with respect to the occupation and conquest of Portugal, according to the stipulations of the treaty signed this day, have appointed, viz. His majesty the em peror of the French, king of Italy, and protector of the confederation of the Rhine, the general of division Michael Duroc, grand marshal of his palace, grand cordon of the legion of honour, and his catholic majesty the king of Spain, don Eugenio Izquierdo de Ribera y Lezaun, his honorary councillor of state and of war, who, after exchanging their full powers, have greed upon the following articles.-I. A body of French imperial troops, consisting of 25,000 infantry and 3000 cavalry, shall enter Spain, and march direct for Lisbon: they shall be joined by a body of 3000 Spanish infantry and 3000 cavalry, with 30 pieces of artillery.-II. At the same time a division of Spanish troops, consisting of 10,000 men, shall take possession of the province of Entre-Minho-Douria, and of the city of Oporto; and another division of 6000 men, also consisting of Spanish troops, shall take possession of Alentejo, and the kingdom of Algarves.-III. The French troops shall be subsisted and maintained by Spain, and their pay shall be provided by France during the time occupied by their march through Spain.-IV. The moment that the combined troops have entered Portugal, the government and administration of the provinces of Beira, Tras los Montes, and Portuguese Estremedura (which are to remain in a state of sequestration) shall be vested in the general commanding the French troops; and the contributions imposed thereon shall accrue to the benefit of France. The provinces that are to form the kingdom of Northern Lusitauia, and the principality of the Algarves, shall be administered and governed by the generals commanding the Spanish divisions which shall enter the same; and the contributions imposed thereon shall accrue to the benefit of Spain.-V. The central body shall be under the orders of the commander of the French troops, to whom also the Spanish troops attached to that army shall pay obedience. Nevertheless, should the king of Spain or the Prince of Peace think fit to join the said body, the French troops, with the general commanding them, shall be subject to their order.-VI. Another body of 40,000 French troops shall be assembled at Bayonne by the 20th of November next, at the latest, to be ready to enter Spain for the purpose of proceeding to Portugal, in case the English should send reinforcements therein, or menace it with attack. additional corps, however, shall not enter Spain until the two high contracting parties have come to an agreement on that point.VII. The present convention shall be ratified, and the ratifications exchanged at the same time with those of the treaty of this date. Done at Fontainbleau, 27th October, 1807. (Signed) DUROC.-E. Izquierdo. This We have approved, and hereby approve, the foregoing convention, in all and every of the articles therein contained, declare it to be accepted, ratified, and confirmed, and pledge ourselves that it shall be inviolably observed -In witness whereof, we have executed these presents, signed with our own hand, countersigned and sealed with our imperial seal at Fontainbleau, the 29th October 1807. (Signed) NAPOLEON. The Minister of foreign affairs, CHAMPAGNY, The secretary of state, H. MARET. No. III.-Letter from his Majesty the Empe ror of the French, King of Italy, and Protector of the Confederation of the thr My Cousin, I have received your l highness's letter. Your highness will h been already convinced, by the inspection of the papers of your royal father, of theregard that I have always manifested towards him. Your highness will permit me, under the present circumstances to address you with frankness and sincerity. I entertained an expectation that, on my arrival at Madrid, I should have persuaded my illustrious friend to make some necessary reforms in his dominions, which would give considerable satisfaction to the public feelings. The removal of the prince of Peace appeared to me to be indispensible to his happiness and the interests of his people. The events of the north have retarded my journey, and the occurrences at Aranjuez have supervened. 1 do not constitute myself judge of the events which have taken place, or of the conduct of the prince of the Peace; but certain it is that it is very dangerous for kings to accustom their subjects to shed blood, and to take the administration of justice into their own hands. I pray God that your highness may not one day find it So. It would not be conformable to the interests of Spain, to proceed severely against a prince who is united to a princess of the royal family, and has so long governed the kingdom. He no longer has any friends. As little will your royal highness find any, should you cease to be fortunate. The peo ple eagerly avenge themselves for the ho mage which they pay us. Besides, how could the prince of Peace be brought to trial, without implicating in the process the king and queen, your royal parents? Such a proceed. ing would foment animosities, and excite seditious passions, the result of which might be fatal to your crown. Your royal highness has no other right to it, but what you have derived from your mother. If the cause injures her honour, your royal highness destroys your own claims. Let not your highness give ear to weak and perfidious counsels. Your highness has no right to try the prince of Peace. His crimes, if any are imputed to him, disappear, and merge in the prerogatives of the crown. I have frequently expressed my wishes, that the prince of Peace should be removed from the management of affairs. If I did not persevere in my applications, it was on account of my friendship for king Charles, and a wish (if possible) not to see the weakness of his attachments. O wretchedness of human nature! imbecility and error! such is our lot! But an arrangement may self towards your person in the same manner as I have done towards the king your father. I beg your royal highness to be persuaded of my anxiety to bring every thing to a happy conclusion, and to find opportunities of giving you every proof of my affection and esteem. My cousin, I pray God to take you into his high and holy keening.-(Signed) NAPOLEON. Bayonne, April 16, 1808. No. IV. Instructions furnished to his Excellency Don Pedro Labrador. Most excellent Seignor-Your excellency is acquainted with the propositions made on the day of the king's arrival in this city, and of what passed at the conference in which I discussed them with the minister of foreign affairs. The propositions recent take place, the prince of Peace may be banished from Spain, and I may offer him an asylum in France. With respect to the abdication of Charles IV. that event having taken place at the moment when my armies were in Spain, it might appear the eyes of Europe and posterity that I had sent all those troops merely for the purpose of expelling my friend and ally from his throne. As a neighbouring sovereign, I ought to inform myself of all the circumstances which have occurred, before I acknowledge his abdication. I declare to your royal highness, to the Spaniards, and to the whole world, that if the abdication of king Charles be voluntary, and has not been forced upon him by the insurrection and tumults at Aranjuez, I have no difficulty in regarding and acknowly made by the latter, differing in some ledging your royal highness as king of Spain. I am therefore anxious to have some conversation with your royal highness on this subject. The circumspection which I have observed for the last month upon this point, ought to convince your highness of the support which you will find in me, should it ever happen that factions of any kind should disturb you on your throne. When king Charles informed me of the events of the month of October last, the communication gave me the greatest pain. I flatter myself that my representations contributed to the happy issue of the affair of the Escurial. Your royal highness is not altogether free from blame of this, the letter which you wrote to me, and which I have always wished to forget, is a sufficient proof. When you are king, you will know how sacred are the rights of the throne. Every application of an hereditary prince to a foreign sovereign is criminal. The marriage of a French princess with your royal highness, in my opinion, accords with the interests of my people, and I more especially regard it as a circumstance which would unite me by new ties to a house, whose conduct 1 have had every reason to praise since the time that I ascended the throne. Your highness ought to dread the consequences of popular commotions. It is possible that assassinations may be committed upon some stragglers of my army; but they would only lead to the ruin of Spain. I have learnt, with regret, that some letters of the captain general of Catalonia have been circulated at Madrid, and that they have had the effect of exciting some irritation. Your royal highness knows the inmost sentiments of my heart. You will perceive that my attention is occupied by various points, which require to be finally decided; but you may be assured that I shall, under all circumstances, conduct my respect, but no less inadmissible, are of the following tenor:-1. That the emperor has irrevocably determined that the Bourbon dynasty shall no longer reign in Spain. 2. That the king shall cede his rights to the crown both in his own name and that of his sons, should he have any. 3. That should this point be agreed upon, the crown of Etruria shall be conferred upon him and his descendants, according to the terms of the salique law. 4. That the infant Don Carlos shall make a similar renunciation of his rights, and that he shall have a right to the succession to the crown of Etruria, in default of issue of the king. 5. That the kingdom of Spain shall henceforth be pos sessed by one of the brothers of the emperor. 6. That the emperor guarantees its complete integrity, and that of all its colonies, without suffering a single village belonging to it to be separated from it. 7. That in like manner he guarantees the preservation of religion, property, &c. &c. 8. That should his majesty refuse those propositions, he shall remain without compensation, and his imperial majesty will carry them into execution by consent or force. 9. That if his majesty agree and demand the niece of the emperor in marriage, this connection shall be immediately secured on the execution of the treaty.-These propositions were discussed in the junta where, the king presided. I there stated my opinion, which was adopted by your excellency and the other members, and approved by his majesty who is desirous that instructions should be prepared for your excellency accordingly. Your excellency knows that promises the most flattering, and assurances the most po sitive, were made and given to the king by the grand duke of Berg, by the ambassa dor of France, and by general Savary, by di rection of the emperor, who said that no ob struction would arise to his acknowledgment as sovereign of Spain; that nothing was desired hostile to the preservation of the integrity of the kingdom; and you are apprised that these representations drew him from Madrid to pay his compliments to his intimate ally, who he supposed would return with him to the capital, from the statements of those three, and where splendid accommodations were provided for the emperor. The journey of bis imperial ma jesty was deferred; but the king, seduced by new promises, made by general Savary in the name of his imperial majesty, continued his progress to this city.-Your excellency should ask M. Champagny if the king be at full liberty, and if he be so he may return to his dominions, and give audience to the plenipotentiary, to whom the emperor may confide his powers. If not free, your excellency knows that every act is absolutely augatory; and consequently whatever may be agreed will have no other effect than to stain the reputation of the emperor before the whole world, the eyes of which are fixed upon his conduct, and who knows what Spain has already done in favour of France.I have shewn to your excellency the treaty of the 27th Oct. last, by which the emperor has guaranteed the integrity of Spain in the person of the king, with title of emperor of the two Americas. Nothing has intervened to destroy this treaty on the contrary, Spain has added new claims to the gratitude of France.The king has resolved not to yield to the importunity of the emperor; neither his own honour, nor his duty to his vassals, permit him to do so. These he cannot compel to accept the dynasty of Napoleon; much less can he deprive them of the right they have to elect another family to the throne when the reigning family shall be extinct. It is not less repugnant to the feelings of the king to receive, as a compensation, the crown of Etruria; for, besides that that country is under the authority of its legitimate sovereign, whom he would not prejudice, bis majesty is contented with the crown that Providence had given him, has no wish to separate himself from his subjects, whom he loves with paternal affection, and from whom he has received the most unequivocal proofs of respectful attachment.—If on account of this refusal the emperor should think fit to resort to force, his majesty hopes that Divine justice, the dispenser of thrones, will protect his just cause, and that of his kingdom.-As your excellency is deeply penetrated with these principles, and has already displayed them with that energy with which justice arms the man of probity, and the zealous friend to his king and country, it is needless for me to detail prolix instructions for your guide, you being a minister, in whose patriotism and affection to the royal interests his majesty reposes full confidence.--God preserve your excellency many years. PEDRO CE VALLOS. (For Don Pedro Gomez Labrador). --Bayonne, April 27, 1808. No. V.-Official Dispatch from Don Pedro Cevallos to the Minister of State of the Emperor of France, of the 28th April, 1808. Most Excellent Sir,-Although the agita tion of mind, to which the whole Spanish nation would have been subject, has hitherto been restrained by what has been printed and published by the grand duke of Berg, and by all the French generals in that coun try, indicating the sentiments of peace and good understanding which the emperor of the French and king of Italy was desirous of maintaining with the king my master; and also on account of the assurances which the ambassador of his imperial majesty in Madrid, the grand duke of Berg, and ge neral Savary, had given to his majesty of the approaching arrival of the emperor in the said city; on which account, the king determined to proceed to Burgos to meet him, to shew this public mark of his affection, and of the high esteem he had for his person-it has now become impossible longer to answer for the tranquillity of such a numerous people; especially as they are apprised that the king has been six days in Bayonne, and they have no assurance of his return to Spain. In such a state of affairs, his majesty must be anxious for the repose of his beloved subjects, and for this pur pose to return to their bosoms to tranquillize their agitation, and attend to the heavy demands of public business, as his absence would expose his people to incalculable mischiefs, which would fill his heart with the most poignant grief. This speedy re turn, his majesty promised in the most solemn manner to his people, grounding his engagement on the assurances of the emperor, that he should shortly be restored to his country, and acknowledged to be het sovereign by his imperial majesty.-His na jesty has, therefore, ordered me to com municate to you these observations, for the purpose of your submitting them to the consideration of his imperial majesty, whose approbation they will doubtless meet; and his majesty, my master, is ready to treat in his dominions with his imperial majesty on all convenient subjects, with such per Soon after the prince of Peace was arrested, frequent and earnest entreaties were made by the grand duke of Berg, by the ambassador of France, and by general Savary, in the name of the emperor, my intimate ally, that he should be delivered up to the French troops, that he might be conveyed to France, where his imperial majesty would order him to be tried for the offences he had committed. These solicitations were generally accompanied with threats in case of a refusal to carry him off by force In Vittoria they were repeated with equal importunities; and I wishing to form the most prudent determination, consulted with the duke of Infantado and the Infant Carlos, with don Juan Escoiquiz, and with don Pedro Cevallos, my principal secretary of state. This minister, on that occasion, said: Sire, if I were to yield to my own personal feelings, I should immediately recommend the surrender of the prince of Peace. But such a sentiment ought to be stifled, and in truth I do stifle it when I contemplate the duty you owe to your own sacred person, and the obligations you are under to adainister justice to your subjects injured by don Manuel Godoy. This obligation is essential to the sovereignty, and your majesty cannot disregard it without treading under foot whatever is most respectable among men. Under this view, I think you ought to answer the emperor, informing him, at the same time, that your majesty has offered to your august parents to save him from the penalty of death, should he be capitally convicted by the council. By your compliance with this proposal, your majesty (*) This dispatch was not answered, and produced an effect precisely the contrary of what might have been expected in a regular course of things. The spies within, and the guards without the palace were doubled. The king for two nights, endured the insult of an alguazil, who, stationed at the door, ordered his majesty and the infant Don Carlos to retire to their apartments The first time the insult was offered, the king complained in severe terms, on which the governor employed polite language, and manifested much disapprobation of conduct; but this did not prevent the repetition, and probably this offensive circumstance would have been repeated, had not the king abstained from going out at night. such will give to the world a proof of your magnaminity, to your beloved parents a proof ot your affection, and the emperor will be gratified in observing with what wisdom you discharge the demands of justice, and conciliate the expectations of his imperial and royal majesty."-All approved of this salutary advice, and I did not hesitate a moment in adopting it, and proceeded to act upon it." I communicated it to the council with the fit circumspection to serve for their information and direction; and also that they may take the most active measures to protect the houses and families of the four denounced persons-I THE KING- Bayonne, April 26, 1808.-To the president of the council. No. VII.-Letter of the King to his Father, Charles IV. My honoured Father and Lord-Your majesty has admitted that I had not the smallest participation in the proceedings at Aranjuez, intended, as is notorious, and as your majesty knows,not to disgust you with your throne and government, but to maintain both, and not to abandon the vast multitude whose maintenance depends upon the throne itself. Your majesty also told me that your abdication had been spontaneous, and that if any one should attempt to persuade me it was otherwise I should not believe them, for it was the most pleasing act of your life. Your majesty now tells me, that though your abdication was certainly an act of your own free will, you nevertheless reserved in your mind a right to resume the reigns of government when you should think proper. I have therefore inquired of your majesty, if you were disposed to resume your sceptre, and your majesty has replied that you neither would return to the throne or to Spain. Notwithstanding this, your majesty desires. me to renounce in your favour a crown, conferred upon me by the fundamental laws of the kingdom, on your free resignation of it. To a son who has always been distinguished for his love, respect, and obe. dience to his parents, nothing that can require the exercise of these qualities can be repugnant to his filial piety, especially when the discharge of my duty to your majesty, as a son, is not in contradiction to the relation I bear, as a king, to my beloved sub my highest regard, may not be offended, and that your majesty may be pleased with my obedience, in the present circumstance, I am willing to resign my crown in favour of your majesty, under the following limitations-1. That your majesty will return to Madrid, whither I shall accompany you and |