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nisters have been unable to infuse their own spirit, and the spirit of the nation at large, into the generals they employ ?-Not a man amongst us doubted that Junot and his army would be brought prisoners to England; and we anticipated with a very pardonable, if not a laudable evitation, the arrival here, as captives, of some of Buonaparte's best troops commanded by his best generals. General Kellerman is the man to whom the honour of the victory at Marengo in a great measure belongs.- How did it happen that Sir A. Wellesley, on the very day after his memorable victory, when he was fully able to appreciate the relative means possessed by himself and his enemy, should agree that the French army should in no case be "considered as prisoners of war, that they "should be conducted back safe to France, "and be left in undisturbed possession of what they call their private property?”Good God! Sir! Is the good old maxim, that one Englishman is a match for two Frenchman, to be reversed? Or what was there to prevent 30,000 Britons from making half the number of Frenchmen surrender at discretion? The possession of the forts, the strong position at Cintra, the want of victuallers, cannot be listened to.. Had the French army victuallers to attend them when they entered the country as enemies? Cou'd not we, who were the friends and deliverers of the Portuguese, rely upon their assistance for a fortnight's or even a month's supply of provisions? At a time too when all the north of Portugal was open to us. Have the French armies had victuallers to attend them in their campaigns in Germany, Poland, and Dalmatia? After the battle of the 21st we were, or we might have been, at the heels of the French army, with our bayonets in their loins; and, if properly pursued, even without the aid of cavalry, they would have had no time to take up or strengthen a position at Cintra. Junot knew this, and therefore endeavoured to stop us by negociation. He has accomplished by address what he in vain attempted with the sword. Por tugal was no longer his object: that every bat man in his army knew must be lost: but he wanted to save his troops, to keep unclipped the wings of the French eagles. He has succeeded, and in so doing he has pared the nails of the British lion. He has transferred to his own brow the laurels which his opponent has thus declared himself unworthy of. Indeed, he has done himself immortal honour, and our army has sustained a disgrace, which I only hope is not indelible. We admire CORNWALLIS for his masterly retreat with 5 sail of the line before

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13; and shall we refuse our enemy the ap plause due to him for escaping from a situation ten times more critical? Buonaparte will not withhold his praise, and you will soon see these conventions held up to the world in the Moniteur amongst the most glorious trophies of the French army.Our troops are now in possession of the forts of the Tagus ;-ask our artillery and engineer officers what time it would have required to occupy them by force.—Were any thing wanting to Junot's triumph on this occasion, look at all the details of his stipulations; they contain demands which one should have thought no British officer would for a moment have listened to. If his garrisons march through Portugal, they are to be accompanied by British commissa ries to provide for their subsistence. When they embark, all the horses are to be carefully embarked with them. Why, Sir, our commander has positively engaged to carry home a larger number of French horses, than were sent from England with Sir A. Wellesley's army, by whom these Frenchmen have been beaten and whilst we are told, that that officer had no more cavalry with him, because horse transports are so scarce or so dear, and whilst we are actually prevented by these causes from sending out all the cavalry we wish for the future operations of the campaign, our general has most generously undertaken to convey to France 800 French horses.But, it seems, our transports are not good enough for "His excel"lency the French commander in chief, and "the other principal officers of the French "army." OUR generals and officers may sail about the globe in West-Indiamen, or colliers; but Junot and his friends, forsooth, must be accommodated on board ships of war. If they had been brought prisoners to England, this might have been a proper distinction, and the emblem on the admiral's bow would have felt complacency at the freight; but that his majesty's ships should be sent into an enemy's port to land an enemy's army, and to have it said there, that we brought them so far because we could not make that army prisoners, is really exposing the ships to a dishonour, and his majesty's officers to a degradation, which it is hardly in human nature to support.Ask lord Mulgrave and lord St. Vincent, or any other lord of the admiralty, if our ships are fit for this sort of service. It is a known fact, that many of our public ministers, representatives of his majesty, have been exposed to great inconvenience and even danger, for the want of this very accommo dation which is to be obtained for General

Junot; they have been told that packetboats, or bye-boats, or fishing-boats, are good enough; nay, Sir, the conqueror of Maida, Sir John Stuart, with difficulty obtained for his accommodation a small brig of war, when be last went out to take the command of our army in Sicily: but M. Junot must pompously sail into Rochfort in a British 74. If there belongs a large portion of French insolence to the formation of this demand, there is in yielding to it a degree cfpusillanimity, which, as an Englishman, I am altogether ashamed to characterise.

But, it is

ot only the Frenchmen, their horses, heir arms and baggage, their 60 rounds of mmunition. that we are thus to take care of for them; but all their private property, thing of which can be taken away, must also be secured, landed on the coast of france, and, I suppose, insured at Lloyd's, at is majesty's expence, against the dangers f the seas:-a pretty employment this for British seamen !!! Except the sight of the Danes voluntarily and for money assisting s in fitting out their own ships last year at Copenhagen, I never, since I was born, eard of any thing so mean and so dastardly.

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Junot may have squeezed any sum out This duchy of Abrantes, his followers may ve extorted with thumb-screws moidores ingots of gold from the unfortunate Portuguese, his coffers may be full of the produce of that rapine and plunder which has been long since denounced, to the ven geance of indignant Europe,-YET ALL IS To SACRED! The British seamen and oldiers, the conquerors of Vimeira, the eliverers of Portugal, are to aid and abet hese most atrocious robberies. They are to ake themselves accessaries of the fact. They are to receive the stolen goods, and to onvey them to a place of safety !!!-Either e French are or are not robbers and plunerers. If they are, Englishmen are now eir accomplices.What will our good end and ally, the Prince Regent, say to all is? What will he say, when he learns, that e have not only thus prevented his subjects om recovering their stolen goods, insured asylum and indemnity to the robbers, ut that we have, in fact, wrested from him he sovereignty of his country? For, if this onvention, this surrender of British honour, efulfilled, his royal highness is not at liberty call to account any one of his subjects who may have been foremost in giving aid and asstance to an invading enemy, and whose eachery may have afforded that enemy the means of prolonged resistance when attacked y the allies of his royal highness.-That ese shameful terms were not extended to

secure a safe retreat to the Russian fleet, is dire, not to the spirit of our military negoci ation, but to the resistance of Sir Charles Cotton. The convention which he signed with the Russian admiral is second in impropriety only to that concluded with Junot; but at least he has not returned the enemy's ships to their country with 60 rounds of cartridges to each gun.-To have agreed to the conditions set forth in the 7th article of the armistice shews such an absence of judgment, of spirit, of common sence, that I really can hardly believe my eyes when I see Sir A. Wellesley's name put to it.Whilst we are thus spontaneously, and without condition, giving up the whole French army, who ought to have been considered as our prisoners, what have we done for our friends the Spaniards? Look at the 18th article of the definitive convention. You will there find, that, in exchange for the Spanish troops detained on board ship in the port of Lisbon, which are thus graciously delivered to him, our commander-in-chief engages to obtain from the Spaniards a number of civil and military Frenchmen detained in Spain in consequence of certain occurrences in that country. If the British general receives a civil answer to his requisition on this head, it can only be in favour of the peculiar situation in which Spain now stands towards this country. At all events, he will be told, that before he again ventures to negociate on military matters, he should take a lesson from Castanos.I write, Mr. Cobbett, in some haste, and therefore can notice only cursorily these and other points that have excited my grief as well as my surprise.The putting H. I. and R. My. Napoleon I. (whom this country has never officially acknowledged in that capacity) by the side of our most gracious sovereign; the leaving the French in possession of Lisbon till the embarkation of their second division; the engagement to interpret every doubt in favour of the French the 20th, which relates to hostages; the army; the whole tenour of the 16th article; impropriety of a lieut. colonel of the army stipulating, without authority, for Sir C. Cotton, whose flag was flying at the mair mast head; all these things afford, in addito what I have already said, ample and abundant matter for regret, and, as I think. for censure on those who acted for this coun. try. They all bear the appearance of a beaten and despondent mind. If the French had been our conquerors, instead of we theirs, these articles could not have been worded more to their advantage-But, I must not ask to occupy too much of your

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present Register; perhaps I may hereafter return to the subject. One topic only? but that a most important one, I will yet revert to. It seems that on this, as on other occasions, the public is to remain in doubt who is the author of so much mischief and calamity. One naturally looks to the commander-in-chief as the responsible person: in furtherance of this idea, Sir A. Wellesley's friends assert, that he had not only no share in framing the conditions, but that he even protested against them, and that he signed the armistice only at the positive and peremptory command of his superior officer. If he should hereafter be able to substantiate this assertion, it will absolve him from blame, whilst twofold vengeance will be called for on the head of Sir Hew Dalrymple. But, I own to you, I cannot believe this story; nor can I believe, until it is proved, that Sir H. Dalrymple is so empty, so vaiu, so self-conceited a character, as to have insisted upon such a measure, in opposition to Sir Arthur's advice. His own dispatch, and the armistice itself, contain internal evidence to the contrary. He could have assumed the command of the army but a very few hours before the armistice was signed; it must therefore have been done by the advice of his predecessors in command. On this point. however, the British public must and will have full and undisguised information.Ilere, then, is a new, and I trust it will be an efficacious lesson, to our military and naval commanders, not to outstep the boundary of their functions. Since when is it that generals at the head of their armies, instead of fighting, are to make treaties, or conventions, and to convert themselves into diplomatic ministers, issuing full powers, which they do not themselves possess, to their subordinate officers? This right and power used to be reserved to the sovereign; and generals contented themselves with simply agreeing to or refusing the terms of capitulation proposed by their opponents.- -I was in hopes that the capitulation of Copenhagen would have been a sufficient warning of the ill consequences of deviating from the old established rule; but I now confess that it requires more faith than I am master of to continue my confidence in that man as a negociator (however meritorious he may be in other respects) who has set his name to, and been the prime mover in, two such unwarrantable transactions. Perhaps, if his Majesty's ministers had taken proper notice of the former of the two, they would not now be subject to the mortification of joining in the universal censure of the latter. -I am, Sir, your humble servant,-AN | ENGLISHMAN, London, 19th Sept. 1908.

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The Convention of Lisbon still continua to make every tongue eloquent, and every heart bleed, in those parts of the island where the Extraordinary Gazette has found its way; and as we farther learn, throughou the army of Portugal, whose labours have terminated so unsuccessfully. The honou of the country has been sacrificed, its fares hopes blasted, the reputation of its arms tar nished, the resources of the enemy increas ed and concentrated, the plunder of ou allies sanctioned, the pride of our invig ble navy insulted, and the feelings of gallant seamen injured and corroded beyou expression. One can feel, therefore, but tle inclination to laugh at the authors of su wrongs. Who can think, without tears rage and bitterness, of an English fleet this moment employed in carrying home well appointed French army, along with the colours, arms, ammunition, baggage, a plunder, in order to unite in a fresh exped tion against the liberties and honour of Spain A curse, a deep curse, wring the heart a wither the hand, that were base enough to d vise and execute this cruel injury on the country's peace and honour. But all world is now calling out, who gave Dalry ple, and Burrard, and Cotton, their pointments? The country should have ( led out as loudly as we did, who Whitelocke his appointment? and then occasion for clamouring now would h been removed-Dalrymple and Burn would never have had their appointme But why are these men to be singled ou They are not the only persons implicated the mischief. Come forth, Sir An Wellesley! You are the man who first s ed, in the 5th articie of your treaty, "the French army should in no case be co "sidered as prisoners of war to the m who had the very day before conquer them: but, above all, you signed that arti of an armistice, by which you agreed that enemy's fleet should ride in safety in Tagus, "after our army and fleet had "tained possession of the town and port "Lisbon!" Human credulity can har believe that any thing so monstrously in rious to your country could have entered the heart of the basest of her sons, and stil!) into yours, which we believe to be proud imperious enough. You might as well b signed, that Portsmouth and Plymo should be neutral ports for an enemy's to ride in. If the situation of your aff had obliged you to stipulate for the safety an enemy's army, what obliged you to gro

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de for the security of an enemy's fleet? u might, without risk, have left that here you found it, and as you found it. rten long months bad it been blockaded the Tagus; its escape, on all the principles human calculation, was impossible; and, ed, nothing short of two battles won by British army, and one treaty signed by a sh general, could at last have set it free. it then observed, while we are appreci g the disgraces of our naval and military ociators, that Sir Charles Cotton has only the Russian seamen home-Sir Arthur esley would have sent home both the and their ships, and actually signed a aly to that effect. Sir Hew Dalrymple ented that the French army should be ted, but stipulated that it should be ded in the north of France; but Sir ur Wellesley agreed, without any such ucation (art. 5)," that the French army hould in no case be considered as prisons of war; that all those of whom it onsists, should be conveyed to France, ith arms and baggage, and all their rivate property of every description, part of which should be wrested from em." The final convention, therefore, ut built upon the provisional armistice, is really restrictive of its most injurious ulations. But chiefly, Sir Arthur Welay is the first man with a British uniform n his back, that has put his signature to bottom of a treaty, at the head of which d the recognition of his imperial and loyal Majesty Napoleon I." What his al Majesty George III. may say to this, know not but we hope and trust it will ome bar to the admission of one whom could mention, into the Royal Party, Family Council, the King's Friends; that those who have overturned thrones, demolished potentates, in the eastern sphere, will at least be viewed with jealousy, in their acknowledgement of and imperial titles, in the western, ch their country does not acknowledge. Arthur Wellesley having, therefore, home the French army, has now nothing but to bring himself home, and meet greeting aspect and kindly salutations of untry grateful for those favours of which superiors in command were the imliate dispensers, but of which he was a inguished participator.-Before we conle, we shall say a few words on Sir ArWellesley's appointment to this comd. The public, it is true, 'thought betof his talents than they have been found eserve. But those who elevated him to situation had nearer opportunities of

chserving, and ought hatte! more jusay the extent of his posty, and the firmness of his mind. It is in vain, therefore, to say, that some part of his disgrace is not reflected on his patrons: and we are the more anxious that this should be understood, because we see the same influence, which has raised him, still exerted to protect him. Why was his preliminary treaty sent to the press in French only, as if, while he acknowledged the legality of his Napoleon's (title, he had owned the pre-eminence of the language which the Corsican speaks? Why, 'but to circumscribe as much as possible the knowledge of his previous concessions, and to make it appear that Cotton had liberated the Russian seamen; that Cotton had sent them to man the Swedish flotilla which was captured at Sweabourg; that Dalrymple had sent home the French army, with all their baggage and ammunition, to join in the destruction of Spain; that Dalrymple had given them up their plunder? Whereas Wellesley's treaty stipulated all this, and more. over, that the chief port of a kingdom should be neutral towards its own enemies. When, therefore, the commanders of this wretched expedition are brought to their trial, let them meet with fair and impartial dealing; let not the proceedings of one of them be given to the public in a language which it does understand, while those of another are veiled in a tongue which it does not understand such conduct is infamous. And, above all, let there be no procrastination in the punishment of delinquents who have grossly injured three kingdoms, England, Sweden, and Spain; and let us wipe off the imputation of treachery, under which we must most justly suffer with all our allies, if we do not take ample vengeance on those who have dared, by a shameful conventional arrangement, and, in defiance of their country's most solemn obligations, to assist Russia in manning her fleets against Sweden, and France in augmenting her forces against Spain.

CONVENTIONS IN PORTUGAL.--From the London Gazette Extraordinary, Friday, Sept. 16.

Downing Street, Sept. 16, 1808.-A dispatch, of which the following is a copy. was received yesterday evening from lieut. gen. Sir Hew Dalrymple, commanding his majesty's troops in Portugal, addressed to lord viscount Castlereagh, one of his ma jesty's principal secretaries of state, and brought by capt. Dalrymple, military secretary to Sir Hew Dalrymple.

Head Quarters Cintra, Sept. 3.--My

with the tual state of the French arm and many circumstances of a local and in dental nature,' which doubtless had g weight is deciding the question; my o dotion in favour of the expediency of

Lord, I have the honour to inform your lordship that I landed in Portugal, and took the command of the army, on Monday, the 22d of August, the next day after the battle of Vimiera, and where the enemy sustained a signal defeat, where the valour and discipline of British troops, and the talents or British officers were eminently displayed.--induced the French general in chief

ag the French army from Portugal, aueans of the Convention the late defeat

fcit, instead of doing so by a continuat of hostilities, was principally founded the great importance of time, which season of the year rendered peculiarly able, and which the enemy could have consumed in the protracted defend the strong places they occupied, had e of convention been refused them.-W the suspension of arms was agreed upon. army under the command of Sir John M had not arrived, and doubts were even tertained whether so large a body of could be landed on an open and a dange beach, and that being effected, whether supply of so large an army with provi from the ships could be provided for, un all the disadvantages to which the shipp were exposed. During the negociation, former difficulty was overcome by the

A few hours after my arrival, gen. Kellermann came in with a flag of truce from the French general in chief, in order to propose an agreement for a cessation of hostilities, for the purpose of concludi ga Convention for the evacuation of Portog by the French troops. The inclosed contains the several Articles at first agreed upon and signed by Sir Arthur Wellesley and gen. Kellermann; but as his was done with a reference to the British adairal, who, when the agreement was communicated to him, objected to the 7th article. which had for its object the disposal of the Russian fleet in the Tagus, it was finally concluded that lieut-col. Murray, quarter-master-general to the British army, and gen. Kellermann, should proceed to the discussion of the remaining articies, and finally to conclude a Convention for the evacuation of Portugal, subject to the ratifi-vity, zeal, and intelligence, of capt. 'cation of the French general in chief, and the British commanders by sea and land. After considerable discussion and repeated reference to me, which rendered it necessary for me to avail myself of the limited period latterly prescribed for the suspension of hostilities, in order to move the army forwards, and to place the several columns upon the routes by which they were to advance, the Convention was signed, and the ratification exchanged the 30th of last month. That no time might be lost in obtaining anchorage for the transports and other shipping, which bad for some days been exposed to great peril on this dangerous coast, and to insure the communication between the army and the victuallers, which was cut off by the badness of the weather and the surf upon the shore, I sent orders to the Buffs, and 42d regiments, which were on board of transports with Sir C. Cotton's fleet, to land and take possession of the forts on the Tagus whenever the admiral thought it proper to do so. This was accordingly carried into execution yesterday morn ing, when the forts of Cascais, St. Julien's, and Bugio were evacuated by the French troops, and taken possession of by ours.As I landed in Portugal entirely unacquainted

colm, of the Donegal, and the officers
men under his orders; but the possibilit
the latter seems to have been at a
nearly at the moment when it was no le
necessary.-Capt. Dalrymple, of the
dragoous, my military secretary, wild
the honour of delivering to your loc
this dispatch. He is fully informed of w
ever has been done under my orders, rela
to the service on which I have been
ployed, and can give any explanation the
upon that may be required. I have
honour to be, &c. (Signed) Hew D
RYMPLE, Lieut.-Gen.
Translation of the Articles for a Suspens
of Arms in Portugal,
Suspension of arms agreed upon betwe
lieut. gen. Sir A. Wellesley, Knigh
the Order of the Bath, on the one
and M. Kellermann, general of divis
grand officer of the legion of hom
commander of the order of the iron cro
grand cross of the Bavarian order of
lion, on the other part; both inve
with full powers by the respective gen
of the French and British armies,
head-quarters of the British army,
22, 1808.

(To be continued.)

Printed by Cox and Baylis, Great Queen Street; published by R. Bagshaw, Brydges Street, Cove Garden, where former Numbers may be had: sold also by J. Budd, Crown and Mitre, Pall-Mall

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