jamin F. Howell, (4) Joshua S. Salmon, (5) James F. Stewart, (6) Richard Wayne Parker, (7) Allen L. McDermott, (8) Charles N. Fowler.

New York.-(1) Frederic Storm, (2) John J. Fitzgerald, (3) Henry Bristow, (4) Harry A. Hanbury, (5) Frank E. Wilson, (6) George H. Lindsay, (7) Montague Lessler, (8) Thomas J. Creamer, (9) Henry M. Goldfogle, (10) Amos J. Cummings, (11) William Sulzer, (12) George B. McClellan, (13) Oliver H. P. Belmont, (14) William H. Douglas, (15) Jacob Ruppert, Jr., (16) Cornelius A. Pugsley, (17) Arthur S. Tompkins, (18) John H. Ketcham, (19) William H. Draper, (20) George N.

Ohio.-(1) William B. Shattuc, (2) Jacob H. Bromwell, (3) Robert M. Nevin, (4) Robert B. Gordon, (5) John S. Snook, (6) Charles Q. Hildebrant, (7) Thomas B. Kyle, (8) William R. Warnock, (9) James H. Southard, (10) Stephen Morgan, (11) Charles H. Grosvenor, (12) Emmett Tompkins, (13) James A. Norton, (14) William W. Skiles, (15) Henry C. Van Voorhis, (16) Joseph J. Gill, (17) John W. Cassingham, (18) Robert W. Tayler, (19) Charles Dick, (20) Jacob A. Beidler, (21) Theo. E. Burton. Oregon.-(1) Thomas H. Tongue, (2) Malcolm A. Moody. Pennsylvania.

(At large) Galusha

Southwick, (21) John K. Stewart, (22) Lucius N. Littauer, (23) Louis W. Emerson, (24) Charles L. Knapp, (25) James S. Sherman, (26) George W. Ray, (27) Michael E. Driscoll, (28) Sereno E. Payne, (29) Charles W. Gillett, (30) James W. Wadsworth, (31) James Breck Perkins, (32) William H. Ryan, (33) DeAlva S. Alexander, (34) Edward B. Vreeland.

North Carolina.-(1) John H. Small, (2) Claude Kitchin, (3) Charles R. Thomas, (4) Edward W. Pou, (5) William W. Kitchin, (6) John D. Bellamy, (7) Theodore F. Kluttz, (8) Spencer Blackburn, (9) James M. Moody.

North Dakota.-Thomas F. Marshall.

A. Grow, Robert H. Foerderer; (1) Henry H. Bingham, (2) Robert Adams, Jr., (3) Henry Burk, (4). James R. Young, (5) Edward de V. Morrell, (6) Thomas S. Butler, (7) Irving P. Wanger, (8) Howard Mutchler, (9) Henry D. Green, (10) H. Burd Cassel, (11) William Connell, (12) Henry W. Palmer, (13, George R. Patterson, (14) Marlin E. Olmsted, (15) Charles Fred. Wright, (16) Elias Deemer, (17) Rufus K. Polk, (18) Thaddeus M. Mahon, (19) Robert J. Lewis, (20) Alvin Evans, (21) Summers M. Jack, (22) John Dalzell, (23) William H. Graham, (24) Ernest F. Acheson, (25) Joseph B. Showalter, (26) Arthur L.

hereby tender such further service of this board, or of its individual members, as may be required to accomplish the end in view."

The Sattley Company has ignored the recommendations of the State Board of Arbitration, which it has a legal right to do. This fact, however, has attracted but little attention from the press, but just suppose the decision had been against the strikers, and they had ignored the decision? Thousands of columns of denunciatory editorials would have been published, and the strikers would have been classed as "criminals" for "defeating the purpose of the Arbitration law."

Disinterested Commendation.

The A. F. of L. has collected the following commendations of organized labor from the words of men who were in no way connected with the trade union

movement:

"Thank God we have a system of labor where there can be a strike. Whatever the pressure, there is a point where the workingman may stop."-Abraham Lincoln in a speech at Hartford, 1860, referring to the New England shoemakers' great strike.

"I look to the trade unions as the principal means of benefiting the condition of the working classes."-Thorold Rogers (Prof. of Political Economy, University of Oxford).

"Capital is the fruit of labor, and could not exist if labor had not first existed. Labor, therefore, deserves much the higher consideration."-Abraham Lincoln.

"Labor is capital. Labor has the same right to protect itself by trade unions, etc., as any other form of capital might claim for itself.”—Cardinal Manning.

"It is eminently dangerous and destructive to the best interests of the individual wage-worker to proceed as if there were no other wage-workers; and infinitely to his advantage to seek for and adopt measures by which he may move so as not to jar and perhaps overturn himself as well as others. tions of workmen right and proper, but We declare that not only are organizathat they have the elements, if wisely administered, of positive advantage and benefit to the employer."-National Association of Builders.

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*

"Organization, co-ordination, co-operation, are the right of every body of men whose aims are worthy and equitable:

and must needs be the resource of those

who, individually, are unable to persuade their fellow-men to recognize the justice of their claims and principles. If employed within lawful and peaceful limits, it may rightly hope to be a means of educating society in a spirit of fairness and practical brotherhood."-Bishop Potter.

"Trade unions are the bulwarks of democracies."--W. E. Gladstone.

"No wage-earner is doing his full duty if he fails to identify his own interests with those of his fellow-workmen. The obvious way to make common cause with them is to join a trade union, and thus secure a position from which to strengthen organized labor and influence

it for the better."-Ernest Howard Crosby (President Social Reform Club, New York).

"Attacked and denounced as scarcely any other institution ever has been, the unions have thriven and grown in the face of opposition. This healthy vitality has been due to the fact that they were a genuine product of social needs-indispensable as a protest and a struggle against the abuses of industrial government, and inevitable as a consequence of that consciousness of strength inspired by the concentration of numbers under the new conditions of industry. They have been, as is now admitted by almost all candid minds, instruments of progress. Not to speak of the material advantages they have gained for workingmen, they have developed powerful sympathies

among them, and taught them the lesson of self-sacrifice in the interest of their brethren, and, still more, of their successors. They have infused a new spirit of independence and self-respect. They ,have brought some of the best men to the front, and given them the ascendency due to their personal qualities and desirable in the interests of society."-John K. Ingram, LL. D.

..

What Does the Flag Stand For? The United States authorities in Puerto Rico have convicted an organizer of the American Federation of Labor for "conspiring to raise the price of labor," and have sentenced him to three years' imprisonment. "The Star Spangled Banner! Oh! long may it wave over the land of the free and the home of the brave!" The "blood poison" of the Spanish iniquity seems to have infected the United States Government, and the flag will again be called a "flaunting lie," as it was named by the abolitionist during the days of slavery.

The Amalgamated Journal of the Iron and Steel Workers say:

"The conviction of President Iglesias, representative for the American Federa tion, in Puerto Rico, under Spanish laws to three years' imprisonment, because he led the forces of labor on that island, in a demand for an advance in wages commensurate with the changed value of the coinage of Puerto Rico from the Spanish pesos to the American dollar, is a dastardly outrage against common justice, which the average American citizen will not stand for. It is a shame that such an act is possible under the American flag, and the sooner those abhorrent Spanish laws are buried forever with every other Spanish monstrosity practiced by that criminal government under the name of law, the better it will be for the civilization that our forefathers gave

us.

"Is our American government going to stand for this outrage? Is this representative of labor going to languish in the old Spanish dungeons for having the manhood to ask for labor that which had been granted to merchants and professional men, who advanced prices from pesos to dollars, a matter of 40 cents? If it was a crime for labor to demand a reconstruction of wages to a basis to conform with the new currency introduced into the island, surely it would be a crime for the merchants and professional men to do the same thing--but we hear no report that any of this latter class has been arrested. But when labor is organized to follow the example of business and profession, its leader is arrested and convicted of conspiracy and sentenced to prison.

"This is an incident which will be

watched with interest by the working people of this country. It is the first event that illustrates the necessity of the constitution following the flag; that the principles of justice and freedom breathed into this government by our forefathers of the eighteenth century shall be enjoyed by every man who lives under the star spangled banner of freedom wherever it floats in this twentieth century. Let it protect labor as well as trade. It is to be hoped that the government at Washington will be quick in reversing this injustice, even if it takes the pardoning power of the President to do it, and then let new laws be given our new possessions that will obviate such acts being done in the name of the American government."

The Coeur D'Alene Outrage.

All remember the horrors of the Idaho "bull-pen," the atrocities perpetrated against the union miners, in the name of "law," and the wish that the curse of God would rest upon each and every one responsible for those cruel persecutions--but the "mills of the gods grind slowly." The wrongs can never be wholly undone, but the conscience of a conscienceless to be resystem of capitalism seems pentant. The Toledo Labor Union says:

"Every union man in the country hails with joy the announcement of Paul Corcoran's release from the Idaho penitentiary, where has has been confined for over two years. Application for the pardon, with petitions signed by eight of the jurors and nearly six thousand of the residents of Idaho, was presented to the Board July 5, 1901. Attorney A. A. Frazer, of Boise, on behalf of Corcoran, defined the conditions existing and leading up to the arrest and conviction, laying stress on the method of selecting the jury and the evident bias and prejudice of Judge Stewart, the presiding judge, who was brought from the southern part of the state to try the cases of the men at that time incarcerated in the bull-pen. In the selection the prosecutors were not disappointed, as evidenced by the fact that this innocent man was railroaded to the penitentiary. A more outrageous travesty on justice was never perpetrated in the United States.

"Corcoran was convicted of shooting a man named Cheyne, although he was nineteen miles away from the place when Cheyne was shot. This fact was established during the trial and admitted by the prosecution. The truth of the matter is, he was guilty of no other offense than having been an active, earnest worker in the Burke Miners' Union No. 10, Western Federation of Miners, well known in the community as an honest, upright citizen, an exemplary husband and father, but his connection with the Miners' Union in an

official capacity was sufficient to condemn, in the mind of the iniquitous court before which he was tried. This judge, in our opinion, would disgrace the judiciary of any country. He now admits the man he sentenced to seven years in the penitentiary was not the one who should have been punished.

"Brother Corcoran spent two long years behind the bars suffering for a crime he never committed. During all this time the Western Federation of Miners has been indefatigable in its efforts to secure his release. The petition from the Coeur d'Alene district, Shoshone county, alone contained 2,431 names; other petitions were circulated and presented from all parts of the state, resuting in the decision of the Board. Governor Hunt and Secretary of State Bassett for the pardon. Attorney-General Frank Martin, an ally and friend of ex-Governor Steunenberg, dissenting."

Municipal Kitchens in Nantes,
France

The city of Nantes has an inexpensive method for supplying food to the destitute, as well as providing them with lodging for the night. For several years, the city has managed a system of municipal kitchens, known as "Les Fourneaux Alimentaires Municipeaux," where persons without money may present tickets and The procure a warm, substantial meal. city has also recently erected one of these buildings, having in connection therewith a dormitory, with beds for the accommodation of about fifty persons. These beds are free to the destitute for a period of three nights, when they are obliged to

make room for others. The sick are sent to the hospital. During the stay at the dormitory, each one is given two meal tickets each day. These municipal kitchens are open from the 15th of October until the 15th of April each year, but the dormitory is open during the entire year. Two meals are served each day, the noon meal from 10:30 a. m. until 1:30 p. m., and the evening meal from 5 until 7:30 p. m. With the exception of the kitchen connected with the dormitory, the meals are not exactly free, but the prices are so low that no one is obliged to suffer from hunger. Tickets entitling the holder to one dish of anything on the bill of fare are deposited at the bakeries and tobacco shops throughout the city, where they are purchased by the charitably inclined citizens, who in turn hand them to the applicants for charity.

The following is the bill of fare furnished daily, together with the prices:

Beef soup, boiled beef, beef stew, beef with sauce, codfish, pork and cabbage, beef á la ravigote, stewed tripes, eggs á Water soup, la tripe-each plate 2 cents. beans, and rice are furnished at 1 cent per plate. When these kitchens were first opened, the expense to the city was considerable, but during recent years the deficit has been gradually reduced until last year it was only 8,000 francs ($1,544).

The privilege of taking meals in these kitchens is not restricted to the destitute class. Many of the laboring men obtain their meals there on account of the moderate prices. A moderately substantial meal may be obtained for 5 cents. For example, the meal may consist of a plate of meat, a bowl of soup, and a small loaf of bread. Wine is not served at any of the kitchens.-Consular Report.

How They Do It In Virginia.

The following is an iron-clad, oathbound agreement which a man must sign before he can obtain work at the Toms Creek Mines in Wise county, Virginia, says the United Mine Workers' Journal. Read it, ponder on it, and then say if this is a free country. It is free in the sense that a man has the undisputed right to sign a contract which destroys every vestige of his personal liberty.

I

a Justice of the Peace, in and for the county of Wise and State of Virginia, do hereby certify that has this day personally appeared before me, and made statement on oath, that he would not in any way aid or abet the labor organization known as the United Mine Workers of America, or any other labor organization calculated to bring about trouble between the Virginia Iron, Coal and Coke Company and its employes, in or near the vicinity of Toms Creek, Wise county, Virginia. Witness my hand and seal, this the 1901. day of

Henry George, the Radical.

A man once said to me (a social parasite by the way, who never did anything serviceable to society in his life, save to collect his rents and spend them on himself) "I am afraid of that Henry George just because he is a good man but so radical." That was a true insight. If a man is bad and radical, you can rouse public opinion against him and so nullify his radicalism. If a man is good and superficial, if he confines his efforts for the amelioration of society, for instance,