Costs of Occupational Injuries and IllnessesAs the debate over health care reform continues, costs have become a critical measure in the many plans and proposals to come before us. Knowing costs is important because it allows comparisons across such disparate health conditions as AIDS, Alzheimer's disease, heart disease, and cancer. This book presents the results of a major study estimating the large and largely overlooked costs of occupational injury and illness--costs as large as those for cancer and over four times the costs of AIDS. The incidence and mortality of occupational injury and illness were assessed by reviewing data from national surveys and applied an attributable-risk-proportion method. Costs were assessed using the human capital method that decomposes costs into direct categories such as medical costs and insurance administration expenses, as well as indirect categories such as lost earnings and lost fringe benefits. The total is estimated to be $155 billion and is likely to be low as it does not include costs associated with pain and suffering or of home care provided by family members. Invaluable as an aid in the analysis of policy issues, Costs of Occupational Injuryand Illness will serve as a resource and reference for economists, policy analysts, public health researchers, insurance administrators, labor unions and labor lawyers, benefits managers, and environmental scientists, among others. J. Paul Leigh is Professor in the School of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of California, Davis. Stephen Markowitz, M.D., is Professor in the Department of Community Health and Social Medicine, City University of New York Medical School. Marianne Fahs is Director of the Health Policy Research Center, Milano Graduate School of Management and Urban Policy, New School University. Philip Landrigan, M.D., is Wise Professor and Chair of the Department of Community Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York. |
Contents
Introduction and Summary | 1 |
Number of Injuries | 4 |
Number of Illnesses | 6 |
Two Methods for Measuring Costs | 7 |
Costs of Injuries | 8 |
Costs of Disease | 9 |
Workers Compensation Costs across Occupations | 10 |
Who Pays? | 11 |
Estimates of Morbidity and Mortality from | 68 |
Conclusion | 88 |
A WillingnesstoPay Estimate | 104 |
National Council on Compensation Insurance NCCI | 107 |
Costs of Disease | 135 |
Workers Compensation Costs | 157 |
Who Pays? | 170 |
Policy and Cost Comparisons | 182 |
Policy and Cost Comparisons | 12 |
Conclusion | 13 |
Number of Injuries | 14 |
Definitions of JobRelated Injuries | 16 |
Fatalities | 17 |
Nonfatal Injuries | 25 |
Our Fatal and Nonfatal Estimates and Classification Scheme | 31 |
Secondary Sources Literature Review | 33 |
Demographic Occupational Industrial and Regional Characteristics of Injuries | 39 |
Causes of Death and Injury | 49 |
Number of Illnesses | 55 |
Limitations and Assumptions | 194 |
Conclusion | 203 |
Descriptions Problems and Analyses | 209 |
Supplementary Data System SDS | 233 |
Table B2 4 Number and Percentage Distribution of Fatal | 239 |
Table B2 11 Percentage Distribution of Nonfatal Occupational | 245 |
Table B2 13 Average Annual Number of Injuries by Class | 246 |
Notes | 259 |
References | 279 |
305 | |
Common terms and phrases
15 percent administrative costs Alzheimer's disease assume assumptions billion bladder cancer BLS Annual Survey BLS's Annual Bureau of Labor calculations cancer carpal tunnel syndrome Census Census of Fatal cerebrovascular disease CFOI chapter circulatory disease compensating wages COPD cost estimates death rates disabling injuries disorders dollars employees employment Fatal Occupational Injuries fringe benefits heart disease Hensler Hispanics home production hospital Human Capital method incidence increase indemnity indirect costs industry injuries and illnesses injury deaths injury rates job-related injuries Labor Statistics Leigh lost earnings lung lung cancer medical costs morbidity costs mortality National Safety Council Neumark NHIS NIOSH non-WC nonfatal injuries NTOF number of deaths number of injuries occupational diseases occupational illnesses OSHA payments percentage persons pneumoconioses rankings repeated trauma researchers result Rice risk roughly small firms sources tion tional total costs U.S. Bureau undercount underreporting WC benefits WC claims WC premiums workers workplace
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